Anatomy quizzes

Bone Connections Anatomy Quiz

A quiz on the anatomy of bone connections: classification and the normal structure of joints, ligaments, and cartilage.

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1. In the classification of bone connections, which type is characterized by a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane?

Syndesmosis

A synovial joint, or diarthrosis, is the only type of bone connection that has a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined by synovial membrane. Syndesmoses and synchondroses are continuous bone connections, or synarthroses, whereas synostosis is bony fusion.
Synchondrosis

A synovial joint, or diarthrosis, is the only type of bone connection that has a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined by synovial membrane. Syndesmoses and synchondroses are continuous bone connections, or synarthroses, whereas synostosis is bony fusion.
Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

A synovial joint, or diarthrosis, is the only type of bone connection that has a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined by synovial membrane. Syndesmoses and synchondroses are continuous bone connections, or synarthroses, whereas synostosis is bony fusion.
Synostosis

A synovial joint, or diarthrosis, is the only type of bone connection that has a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined by synovial membrane. Syndesmoses and synchondroses are continuous bone connections, or synarthroses, whereas synostosis is bony fusion.
I find it difficult to answer

A synovial joint, or diarthrosis, is the only type of bone connection that has a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined by synovial membrane. Syndesmoses and synchondroses are continuous bone connections, or synarthroses, whereas synostosis is bony fusion.

2. What tissue forms the glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint?

Hyaline cartilage

The glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint is formed by fibrocartilage. It attaches to the rim of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, increasing its depth. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of bones, whereas elastic cartilage is found in the auricle and epiglottis.
Fibrocartilage

The glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint is formed by fibrocartilage. It attaches to the rim of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, increasing its depth. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of bones, whereas elastic cartilage is found in the auricle and epiglottis.
Elastic cartilage

The glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint is formed by fibrocartilage. It attaches to the rim of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, increasing its depth. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of bones, whereas elastic cartilage is found in the auricle and epiglottis.
Dense regular connective tissue

The glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint is formed by fibrocartilage. It attaches to the rim of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, increasing its depth. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of bones, whereas elastic cartilage is found in the auricle and epiglottis.
I find it difficult to answer

The glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint is formed by fibrocartilage. It attaches to the rim of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, increasing its depth. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of bones, whereas elastic cartilage is found in the auricle and epiglottis.

3. Based on the shape of its articular surfaces, what type of joint is the atlantooccipital joint?

Ball-and-socket

The atlantooccipital joint is a condylar joint. The two occipital condyles articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas. Movements are possible around two axes: the frontal axis for flexion and extension, and the sagittal axis for lateral flexion.
Hinge

The atlantooccipital joint is a condylar joint. The two occipital condyles articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas. Movements are possible around two axes: the frontal axis for flexion and extension, and the sagittal axis for lateral flexion.
Condylar joint

The atlantooccipital joint is a condylar joint. The two occipital condyles articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas. Movements are possible around two axes: the frontal axis for flexion and extension, and the sagittal axis for lateral flexion.
Saddle-shaped

The atlantooccipital joint is a condylar joint. The two occipital condyles articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas. Movements are possible around two axes: the frontal axis for flexion and extension, and the sagittal axis for lateral flexion.
I find it difficult to answer

The atlantooccipital joint is a condylar joint. The two occipital condyles articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas. Movements are possible around two axes: the frontal axis for flexion and extension, and the sagittal axis for lateral flexion.

4. Which ligament limits excessive extension of the knee joint?

Fibular collateral ligament

The posterior cruciate ligament becomes taut during knee extension. It limits excessive extension of the knee and helps prevent posterior displacement of the tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior displacement of the tibia.
Posterior cruciate ligament

The posterior cruciate ligament becomes taut during knee extension. It limits excessive extension of the knee and helps prevent posterior displacement of the tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior displacement of the tibia.
Anterior cruciate ligament

The posterior cruciate ligament becomes taut during knee extension. It limits excessive extension of the knee and helps prevent posterior displacement of the tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior displacement of the tibia.
Patellar ligament

The posterior cruciate ligament becomes taut during knee extension. It limits excessive extension of the knee and helps prevent posterior displacement of the tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior displacement of the tibia.
I find it difficult to answer

The posterior cruciate ligament becomes taut during knee extension. It limits excessive extension of the knee and helps prevent posterior displacement of the tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior displacement of the tibia.

5. What is a symphysis in the anatomical classification of bone connections?

Synovial joint with an articular disc

A symphysis, or hemiarthrosis, is a transitional form between continuous and discontinuous bone connections. Its fibrocartilage contains a narrow slit-like cavity that is not lined by synovial membrane. Example: the pubic symphysis.
A hemiarthrosis (a transitional form between continuous and discontinuous bone connections) with a narrow slit-like cavity in the fibrocartilage

A symphysis, or hemiarthrosis, is a transitional form between continuous and discontinuous bone connections. Its fibrocartilage contains a narrow slit-like cavity that is not lined by synovial membrane. Example: the pubic symphysis.
A type of syndesmosis with an interosseous membrane

A symphysis, or hemiarthrosis, is a transitional form between continuous and discontinuous bone connections. Its fibrocartilage contains a narrow slit-like cavity that is not lined by synovial membrane. Example: the pubic symphysis.
Synostosis with remnants of cartilage tissue

A symphysis, or hemiarthrosis, is a transitional form between continuous and discontinuous bone connections. Its fibrocartilage contains a narrow slit-like cavity that is not lined by synovial membrane. Example: the pubic symphysis.
I find it difficult to answer

A symphysis, or hemiarthrosis, is a transitional form between continuous and discontinuous bone connections. Its fibrocartilage contains a narrow slit-like cavity that is not lined by synovial membrane. Example: the pubic symphysis.

6. What is the primary movement at the median atlantoaxial joint?

Flexion and extension

The median atlantoaxial joint is a pivot, or rotary, joint. In this joint, the atlas rotates with the skull around the dens of the axis, along a vertical axis. This movement allows the head to turn to the right and left.
Lateral flexion

The median atlantoaxial joint is a pivot, or rotary, joint. In this joint, the atlas rotates with the skull around the dens of the axis, along a vertical axis. This movement allows the head to turn to the right and left.
Rotation around a vertical axis

The median atlantoaxial joint is a pivot, or rotary, joint. In this joint, the atlas rotates with the skull around the dens of the axis, along a vertical axis. This movement allows the head to turn to the right and left.
Circumduction

The median atlantoaxial joint is a pivot, or rotary, joint. In this joint, the atlas rotates with the skull around the dens of the axis, along a vertical axis. This movement allows the head to turn to the right and left.
I find it difficult to answer

The median atlantoaxial joint is a pivot, or rotary, joint. In this joint, the atlas rotates with the skull around the dens of the axis, along a vertical axis. This movement allows the head to turn to the right and left.

7. What lines the inside of the capsule of a synovial joint?

Periosteum

The joint capsule has two layers: an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. The synovial membrane lines the capsule internally and produces synovial fluid. The articular surfaces of bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but the capsule is not.
Hyaline cartilage

The joint capsule has two layers: an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. The synovial membrane lines the capsule internally and produces synovial fluid. The articular surfaces of bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but the capsule is not.
Synovial membrane

The joint capsule has two layers: an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. The synovial membrane lines the capsule internally and produces synovial fluid. The articular surfaces of bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but the capsule is not.
Fibrous membrane

The joint capsule has two layers: an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. The synovial membrane lines the capsule internally and produces synovial fluid. The articular surfaces of bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but the capsule is not.
I find it difficult to answer

The joint capsule has two layers: an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. The synovial membrane lines the capsule internally and produces synovial fluid. The articular surfaces of bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but the capsule is not.

8. What type of bone connection is a suture between skull bones?

Diarthrosis

A suture is a type of syndesmosis in which bones are connected by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Sutures occur only between skull bones. Based on their shape, sutures are classified as serrate, squamous, or plane sutures.
Amphiarthrosis

A suture is a type of syndesmosis in which bones are connected by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Sutures occur only between skull bones. Based on their shape, sutures are classified as serrate, squamous, or plane sutures.
Syndesmosis

A suture is a type of syndesmosis in which bones are connected by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Sutures occur only between skull bones. Based on their shape, sutures are classified as serrate, squamous, or plane sutures.
Synchondrosis

A suture is a type of syndesmosis in which bones are connected by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Sutures occur only between skull bones. Based on their shape, sutures are classified as serrate, squamous, or plane sutures.
I find it difficult to answer

A suture is a type of syndesmosis in which bones are connected by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Sutures occur only between skull bones. Based on their shape, sutures are classified as serrate, squamous, or plane sutures.

9. Which structure lubricates articular surfaces and nourishes articular cartilage?

Periosteum

Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. It lubricates articular surfaces, reduces friction, and nourishes articular cartilage, which has no blood vessels of its own. Synovial fluid also helps absorb mechanical loads.
Synovial fluid

Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. It lubricates articular surfaces, reduces friction, and nourishes articular cartilage, which has no blood vessels of its own. Synovial fluid also helps absorb mechanical loads.
Joint capsule

Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. It lubricates articular surfaces, reduces friction, and nourishes articular cartilage, which has no blood vessels of its own. Synovial fluid also helps absorb mechanical loads.
Intraarticular ligaments

Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. It lubricates articular surfaces, reduces friction, and nourishes articular cartilage, which has no blood vessels of its own. Synovial fluid also helps absorb mechanical loads.
I find it difficult to answer

Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. It lubricates articular surfaces, reduces friction, and nourishes articular cartilage, which has no blood vessels of its own. Synovial fluid also helps absorb mechanical loads.

10. What structure is located between the vertebral bodies in the thoracic spine?

Plane synovial joint

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by intervertebral discs, which are a type of synchondrosis. Each disc consists of a fibrous ring, the annulus fibrosus, and a gelatinous core, the nucleus pulposus.
Synostosis

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by intervertebral discs, which are a type of synchondrosis. Each disc consists of a fibrous ring, the annulus fibrosus, and a gelatinous core, the nucleus pulposus.
Intervertebral disc

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by intervertebral discs, which are a type of synchondrosis. Each disc consists of a fibrous ring, the annulus fibrosus, and a gelatinous core, the nucleus pulposus.
Syndesmosis

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by intervertebral discs, which are a type of synchondrosis. Each disc consists of a fibrous ring, the annulus fibrosus, and a gelatinous core, the nucleus pulposus.
I find it difficult to answer

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by intervertebral discs, which are a type of synchondrosis. Each disc consists of a fibrous ring, the annulus fibrosus, and a gelatinous core, the nucleus pulposus.

11. What type of connection is formed between the first costal cartilage and the sternum?

Synovial joint

The first costal cartilage is directly joined to the sternum by hyaline cartilage, forming a synchondrosis, a continuous cartilaginous connection. By contrast, ribs 2–7 form true synovial joints with the sternum.
Synchondrosis

The first costal cartilage is directly joined to the sternum by hyaline cartilage, forming a synchondrosis, a continuous cartilaginous connection. By contrast, ribs 2–7 form true synovial joints with the sternum.
Syndesmosis

The first costal cartilage is directly joined to the sternum by hyaline cartilage, forming a synchondrosis, a continuous cartilaginous connection. By contrast, ribs 2–7 form true synovial joints with the sternum.
Symphysis

The first costal cartilage is directly joined to the sternum by hyaline cartilage, forming a synchondrosis, a continuous cartilaginous connection. By contrast, ribs 2–7 form true synovial joints with the sternum.
I find it difficult to answer

The first costal cartilage is directly joined to the sternum by hyaline cartilage, forming a synchondrosis, a continuous cartilaginous connection. By contrast, ribs 2–7 form true synovial joints with the sternum.

12. Around which axis does movement occur in a hinge joint?

Vertical axis only

A hinge joint is a uniaxial joint in which movements occur only around the frontal axis: flexion and extension. The trochlear articular surface guides movement strictly along one axis. Examples: interphalangeal joints and the humeroulnar joint.
Frontal axis only

A hinge joint is a uniaxial joint in which movements occur only around the frontal axis: flexion and extension. The trochlear articular surface guides movement strictly along one axis. Examples: interphalangeal joints and the humeroulnar joint.
Sagittal axis only

A hinge joint is a uniaxial joint in which movements occur only around the frontal axis: flexion and extension. The trochlear articular surface guides movement strictly along one axis. Examples: interphalangeal joints and the humeroulnar joint.
Around both the frontal and sagittal axes

A hinge joint is a uniaxial joint in which movements occur only around the frontal axis: flexion and extension. The trochlear articular surface guides movement strictly along one axis. Examples: interphalangeal joints and the humeroulnar joint.
I find it difficult to answer

A hinge joint is a uniaxial joint in which movements occur only around the frontal axis: flexion and extension. The trochlear articular surface guides movement strictly along one axis. Examples: interphalangeal joints and the humeroulnar joint.

13. Which ligament connects the acromion of the scapula to the coracoid process and forms the arch over the shoulder joint?

Coracohumeral ligament

The coracoacromial ligament extends between the coracoid process and the acromion of the scapula, forming an arch over the shoulder joint. It limits shoulder abduction above the horizontal and protects the joint from superior dislocation.
Acromioclavicular ligament

The coracoacromial ligament extends between the coracoid process and the acromion of the scapula, forming an arch over the shoulder joint. It limits shoulder abduction above the horizontal and protects the joint from superior dislocation.
Coracoacromial ligament

The coracoacromial ligament extends between the coracoid process and the acromion of the scapula, forming an arch over the shoulder joint. It limits shoulder abduction above the horizontal and protects the joint from superior dislocation.
Superior glenohumeral ligament

The coracoacromial ligament extends between the coracoid process and the acromion of the scapula, forming an arch over the shoulder joint. It limits shoulder abduction above the horizontal and protects the joint from superior dislocation.
I find it difficult to answer

The coracoacromial ligament extends between the coracoid process and the acromion of the scapula, forming an arch over the shoulder joint. It limits shoulder abduction above the horizontal and protects the joint from superior dislocation.

14. What is the knee meniscus composed of histologically?

Hyaline cartilage

The medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint are composed of fibrocartilage. They help improve congruence of the articular surfaces, cushion loads, and stabilize the joint. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the condyles.
Elastic cartilage

The medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint are composed of fibrocartilage. They help improve congruence of the articular surfaces, cushion loads, and stabilize the joint. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the condyles.
Fibrocartilage

The medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint are composed of fibrocartilage. They help improve congruence of the articular surfaces, cushion loads, and stabilize the joint. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the condyles.
Dense regular connective tissue without chondrocytes

The medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint are composed of fibrocartilage. They help improve congruence of the articular surfaces, cushion loads, and stabilize the joint. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the condyles.
I find it difficult to answer

The medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint are composed of fibrocartilage. They help improve congruence of the articular surfaces, cushion loads, and stabilize the joint. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the condyles.

15. Which of the listed bone connections is a synostosis?

Connection of vertebral bodies via intervertebral discs

Synostosis is a connection of bones by bone tissue. The adult hip bone is a classic example of synostosis. The ilium, pubis, and ischium, which in children are joined by cartilage as a cartilaginous synchondrosis, fuse completely into a single bone by 16–20 years of age.
Connection between pelvic bones in an adult

Synostosis is a connection of bones by bone tissue. The adult hip bone is a classic example of synostosis. The ilium, pubis, and ischium, which in children are joined by cartilage as a cartilaginous synchondrosis, fuse completely into a single bone by 16–20 years of age.
Connection of ribs to the sternum via costal cartilages

Synostosis is a connection of bones by bone tissue. The adult hip bone is a classic example of synostosis. The ilium, pubis, and ischium, which in children are joined by cartilage as a cartilaginous synchondrosis, fuse completely into a single bone by 16–20 years of age.
Connection of tarsal bones by interosseous ligaments

Synostosis is a connection of bones by bone tissue. The adult hip bone is a classic example of synostosis. The ilium, pubis, and ischium, which in children are joined by cartilage as a cartilaginous synchondrosis, fuse completely into a single bone by 16–20 years of age.
I find it difficult to answer

Synostosis is a connection of bones by bone tissue. The adult hip bone is a classic example of synostosis. The ilium, pubis, and ischium, which in children are joined by cartilage as a cartilaginous synchondrosis, fuse completely into a single bone by 16–20 years of age.

16. Which joint is multiaxial in structure and provides the greatest range of motion among the joints of the upper limb?

Glenohumeral joint (right)

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket, multiaxial joint with the greatest range of motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
Elbow joint

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket, multiaxial joint with the greatest range of motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
Radiocarpal joint

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket, multiaxial joint with the greatest range of motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
Acromioclavicular joint

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket, multiaxial joint with the greatest range of motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
I find it difficult to answer

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket, multiaxial joint with the greatest range of motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

17. Which function is characteristic of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc?

Providing rigid fixation of vertebral bodies

The nucleus pulposus is a remnant of the notochord located at the center of the intervertebral disc. Its high water content and turgor allow it to cushion axial loads and distribute pressure evenly across the adjacent surfaces of the vertebral bodies.
Conducting nerve impulses between vertebrae

The nucleus pulposus is a remnant of the notochord located at the center of the intervertebral disc. Its high water content and turgor allow it to cushion axial loads and distribute pressure evenly across the adjacent surfaces of the vertebral bodies.
Absorbing vertical loads and redistributing pressure

The nucleus pulposus is a remnant of the notochord located at the center of the intervertebral disc. Its high water content and turgor allow it to cushion axial loads and distribute pressure evenly across the adjacent surfaces of the vertebral bodies.
Production of synovial fluid

The nucleus pulposus is a remnant of the notochord located at the center of the intervertebral disc. Its high water content and turgor allow it to cushion axial loads and distribute pressure evenly across the adjacent surfaces of the vertebral bodies.
I find it difficult to answer

The nucleus pulposus is a remnant of the notochord located at the center of the intervertebral disc. Its high water content and turgor allow it to cushion axial loads and distribute pressure evenly across the adjacent surfaces of the vertebral bodies.

18. Which ligament of the hip joint originates from the acetabular fossa and attaches to the fovea of the femoral head?

Iliofemoral ligament.

The ligament of the head of the femur is an intraarticular ligament extending from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head. It is covered by synovial membrane and contains blood vessels that supply the femoral head. The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments are extracapsular ligaments.
Pubofemoral ligament.

The ligament of the head of the femur is an intraarticular ligament extending from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head. It is covered by synovial membrane and contains blood vessels that supply the femoral head. The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments are extracapsular ligaments.
Ligament of head of femur.

The ligament of the head of the femur is an intraarticular ligament extending from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head. It is covered by synovial membrane and contains blood vessels that supply the femoral head. The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments are extracapsular ligaments.
Ischiofemoral ligament.

The ligament of the head of the femur is an intraarticular ligament extending from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head. It is covered by synovial membrane and contains blood vessels that supply the femoral head. The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments are extracapsular ligaments.
I find it difficult to answer

The ligament of the head of the femur is an intraarticular ligament extending from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head. It is covered by synovial membrane and contains blood vessels that supply the femoral head. The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments are extracapsular ligaments.

19. Which of the listed joints is an example of a plane joint?

Glenohumeral joint (right)

Intercarpal joints are plane joints. Their articular surfaces are nearly flat, allowing only slight gliding movements. Plane joints are multiaxial, but their range of movement is minimal.
Intercarpal joints

Intercarpal joints are plane joints. Their articular surfaces are nearly flat, allowing only slight gliding movements. Plane joints are multiaxial, but their range of movement is minimal.
Hip joint

Intercarpal joints are plane joints. Their articular surfaces are nearly flat, allowing only slight gliding movements. Plane joints are multiaxial, but their range of movement is minimal.
Proximal radioulnar joint

Intercarpal joints are plane joints. Their articular surfaces are nearly flat, allowing only slight gliding movements. Plane joints are multiaxial, but their range of movement is minimal.
I find it difficult to answer

Intercarpal joints are plane joints. Their articular surfaces are nearly flat, allowing only slight gliding movements. Plane joints are multiaxial, but their range of movement is minimal.

20. Which type of bone connection is characterized by an interosseous membrane?

Synchondrosis

A syndesmosis is a type of continuous bone connection in which bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. Types of syndesmosis include cranial sutures, gomphoses of the teeth, and interosseous membranes, such as those between the bones of the forearm or leg.
Synostosis

A syndesmosis is a type of continuous bone connection in which bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. Types of syndesmosis include cranial sutures, gomphoses of the teeth, and interosseous membranes, such as those between the bones of the forearm or leg.
Syndesmosis

A syndesmosis is a type of continuous bone connection in which bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. Types of syndesmosis include cranial sutures, gomphoses of the teeth, and interosseous membranes, such as those between the bones of the forearm or leg.
Symphysis

A syndesmosis is a type of continuous bone connection in which bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. Types of syndesmosis include cranial sutures, gomphoses of the teeth, and interosseous membranes, such as those between the bones of the forearm or leg.
I find it difficult to answer

A syndesmosis is a type of continuous bone connection in which bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. Types of syndesmosis include cranial sutures, gomphoses of the teeth, and interosseous membranes, such as those between the bones of the forearm or leg.