ASIT (Allergen-specific immunotherapy)

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only method of treating allergic diseases that affects all stages of the allergic process, changing the nature of the immune system’s response to the allergen. Treatment involves introducing increasing doses of the causative allergen into the patient’s body.

The main goal of ASIT is to induce immunological tolerance, that is, to “teach” body of the allergen. As a result, the symptoms of the disease are significantly reduced or disappear for a long time after the completion of the course. The therapy can also prevent the spread of allergens and the transition from allergic rhinitis to bronchial asthma.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of ASIT involves switching the immune response from allergic (Th2-type) to tolerant (Th1/Treg-type). The therapy can also prevent the spread of allergens and the transition of allergic rhinitis to bronchial asthma. Blocking antibodies bind to the allergen before it reaches IgE on mast cells, thereby preventing the allergic reaction from being triggered.

Clinical Significance

ASIT is indicated for patients with proven IgE-mediated allergies when complete avoidance of contact with the allergen is not possible. The main indications are allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, mild to moderate allergic bronchial asthma and insect allergies (to hymenoptera venom).

There are two main forms of therapy:

• Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). The classic method in the form of injections.
• Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Taking the allergen in the form of drops or tablets under the tongue.

Treatment is carried out in courses over several months, with a total duration of 3–5 years on average. Must be performed under the supervision of an allergist-immunologist due to the risk of allergic reactions.