Vascular System

Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the venous wall with thrombus formation, most often affects the superficial veins of the lower extremities. Learn about causes, modern diagnostic methods and treatment.

Pathological tortuosity of the carotid arteries manifests as bends (kinking), loop-like curls (coiling), or spiral tortuosity of the vessel course. Learn more about the diagnosis and treatment.

Aberrant right subclavian artery is a frequent anomaly of the aortic arch (more often right). Learn about symptoms, classification, diagnosis and treatment.

Carotid body paraganglioma (chemodectoma) is a rare, mostly benign tumor arising from the chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery.Epidemiology EtiologyGenetic mutations: Mutations in genes encoding subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH), which is involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and cellular metabolism, play a leading […]

Varicose veins (varicosis) is a condition where the vein wall becomes thinner, and the veins become unevenly expanded. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment.

Aortic dissection (dissection) is a condition in which the inner wall of the aorta is torn, with blood flowing between its layers and creating a false channel. Causes, symptoms, treatment.

Carotid atherosclerosis causes chronic damage to the cervical arteries and significantly increases the risk of stroke. Learn more about the etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment options.