Otorhinolaryngology

Ear tumors represent a diverse group of formations that can be both benign and malignant (ear cancer). They are localized in various parts of the ear: outer, middle, or inner. Depending on the origin and nature of the tumor, they can cause various symptoms and require specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Definitions of ear […]

Foreign bodies in the nose, paranasal sinuses, and throat are pathological conditions in which external objects enter the human body. These foreign bodies get stuck in or on the surface of tissues, causing discomfort and unpleasant sensations. If left for a prolonged period, they can contribute to the development of chronic infections. Classification of Foreign […]

Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa. The disease has common symptoms, regardless of the causes, such as nasal congestion and rhinorrhea (nasal discharge), and specific symptoms characteristic of certain types of rhinitis. Classification of Rhinitis Acute rhinitis: Chronic rhinitis: Etiology Acute rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa lasting no more than […]

External ear injuries include mechanical damage to the auricle and external auditory canal. These conditions have varying degrees of severity, etiological factors, and injury mechanisms. Classification of External Ear Injuries Etiology Superficial and deep injuries of the auricle occur due to mechanical impact (trauma, blows, falls, bites, car accidents). Injuries to the auditory canal often […]

Injury to the middle and inner ear – Anatomo-functional damage to the middle and/or inner ear caused by pathologic force and resulting in hearing loss or vestibular disorders. Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane is a violation of the integrity of the tympanic membrane caused by an external stimulus and accompanied by hearing loss. Auditory […]

Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils (HPT) is a transitory condition characterized by an enlargement of the lymphoid tissue of the palatine tonsils, located in the oral cavity between the anterior and posterior palatine arches, without signs of chronic inflammation. Classification By degree of tonsillar hypertrophy: By localization of the process: Etiology Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils is […]

Infectious diseases of the external auditory canal (otitis externa) are localized inflammation of the skin and underlying tissues (hair follicles, subcutaneous fatty tissue, cartilage with cartilage, in some cases – temporal bone). Classification of otitis externa External otitis media: Etiology The etiologic factor in the development of infections of the external ear is a mixed […]

Infectious diseases of the auricle are localized inflammation of the skin and underlying tissues (hair follicles, subcutaneous fatty tissue, muscles, cartilage with cartilage). Classification Infections of the ear drum: Etiology The etiologic factor in the development of outer ear infection is a mixed flora (bacterial, viral, fungal). The presence of predisposing factors such as: Among […]

Nasopharyngeal diseases are a common group of pathologies, especially in children. They are associated with impaired function of lymphoid tissue located in this area, and can lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of life, nasal breathing difficulties, sleep disorders, hearing loss and other complications. The most common are adenoid hypertrophy and adenoiditis, and […]

Nasal bleeding(epistaxis) – bleeding from a blood vessel in the nasal cavity when its integrity or permeability is compromised. It’s the most common type of bleeding. Classification of nosebleeds Localization – anterior bleeding– posterior bleeding Etiology – traumatic– caused by local processes– generalized The amount of blood loss – scant bleeding– moderate bleeding– heavy bleeding […]