Anatomy quizzes

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Thoracic skeleton

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First rib

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Second rib

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Sternum

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Typical rib

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Anatomy quiz of the thoracic skeleton

Quiz on the normal anatomy of the thoracic skeleton: bones, joints, connections and their morphofunctional characteristics.

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1. How many pairs of ribs are part of the human thoracic skeleton?

10 pairs

The thoracic skeleton includes 12 pairs of ribs.
11 pairs

The thoracic skeleton includes 12 pairs of ribs.
12 pairs

The thoracic skeleton includes 12 pairs of ribs.
13 pairs

The thoracic skeleton includes 12 pairs of ribs.
I find it difficult to answer

The thoracic skeleton includes 12 pairs of ribs.

2. What are the ribs called whose cartilages connect directly to the sternum?

False ribs (costae spuriae)

True ribs (costae verae) — pairs I–VII — connect directly to the sternum via their cartilages. False ribs connect with the cartilage of the superior rib, while floating ribs terminate freely.
Floating ribs (costae fluctuantes)

True ribs (costae verae) — pairs I–VII — connect directly to the sternum via their cartilages. False ribs connect with the cartilage of the superior rib, while floating ribs terminate freely.
True ribs (costae verae)

True ribs (costae verae) — pairs I–VII — connect directly to the sternum via their cartilages. False ribs connect with the cartilage of the superior rib, while floating ribs terminate freely.
Accessory ribs (costae accessoriae)

True ribs (costae verae) — pairs I–VII — connect directly to the sternum via their cartilages. False ribs connect with the cartilage of the superior rib, while floating ribs terminate freely.
I find it difficult to answer

True ribs (costae verae) — pairs I–VII — connect directly to the sternum via their cartilages. False ribs connect with the cartilage of the superior rib, while floating ribs terminate freely.

3. Which ribs are referred to as 'floating ribs' (costae fluctuantes)?

VIII–X pairs

Floating ribs — pairs XI and XII — have no cartilaginous connection to either the sternum or the superior ribs; their anterior ends lie freely within the abdominal wall's musculature.
VI–VIII pairs

Floating ribs — pairs XI and XII — have no cartilaginous connection to either the sternum or the superior ribs; their anterior ends lie freely within the abdominal wall's musculature.
XI–XII pairs

Floating ribs — pairs XI and XII — have no cartilaginous connection to either the sternum or the superior ribs; their anterior ends lie freely within the abdominal wall's musculature.
IX–XI pairs

Floating ribs — pairs XI and XII — have no cartilaginous connection to either the sternum or the superior ribs; their anterior ends lie freely within the abdominal wall's musculature.
I find it difficult to answer

Floating ribs — pairs XI and XII — have no cartilaginous connection to either the sternum or the superior ribs; their anterior ends lie freely within the abdominal wall's musculature.

4. Which part of the sternum is its superior section and connects with the clavicles?

Body of the sternum (corpus sterni)

The manubrium of the sternum (manubrium sterni) is the superior section of the sternum. On its superior edge are located the jugular notch and two clavicular notches for articulating with the clavicles.
Xiphoid process (processus xiphoideus)

The manubrium of the sternum (manubrium sterni) is the superior section of the sternum. On its superior edge are located the jugular notch and two clavicular notches for articulating with the clavicles.
Manubrium of the sternum (manubrium sterni)

The manubrium of the sternum (manubrium sterni) is the superior section of the sternum. On its superior edge are located the jugular notch and two clavicular notches for articulating with the clavicles.
Jugular notch (incisura jugularis)

The manubrium of the sternum (manubrium sterni) is the superior section of the sternum. On its superior edge are located the jugular notch and two clavicular notches for articulating with the clavicles.
I find it difficult to answer

The manubrium of the sternum (manubrium sterni) is the superior section of the sternum. On its superior edge are located the jugular notch and two clavicular notches for articulating with the clavicles.

5. What is the name of the angle formed at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum?

Angle of Louis (angulus sterni)

Sternal angle (angulus sterni, Angle of Louis) — a forward-protruding angle at the site of the synchondrosis between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the cartilage of the second rib joins, serving as an important anatomical landmark.
Infrasternal angle (angulus infrasternalis)

Sternal angle (angulus sterni, Angle of Louis) — a forward-protruding angle at the site of the synchondrosis between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the cartilage of the second rib joins, serving as an important anatomical landmark.
Sharp's angle

Sternal angle (angulus sterni, Angle of Louis) — a forward-protruding angle at the site of the synchondrosis between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the cartilage of the second rib joins, serving as an important anatomical landmark.
Scarpa's angle (angulus costae)

Sternal angle (angulus sterni, Angle of Louis) — a forward-protruding angle at the site of the synchondrosis between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the cartilage of the second rib joins, serving as an important anatomical landmark.
I find it difficult to answer

Sternal angle (angulus sterni, Angle of Louis) — a forward-protruding angle at the site of the synchondrosis between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the cartilage of the second rib joins, serving as an important anatomical landmark.

6. Which rib's attachment corresponds to the sternal angle (angulus sterni)?

I rib

The sternal angle is formed at the boundary between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the second rib is attached to the sternum, providing an important point of reference for counting ribs and intercostal spaces.
II rib

The sternal angle is formed at the boundary between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the second rib is attached to the sternum, providing an important point of reference for counting ribs and intercostal spaces.
III rib

The sternal angle is formed at the boundary between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the second rib is attached to the sternum, providing an important point of reference for counting ribs and intercostal spaces.
IV rib

The sternal angle is formed at the boundary between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the second rib is attached to the sternum, providing an important point of reference for counting ribs and intercostal spaces.
I find it difficult to answer

The sternal angle is formed at the boundary between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. At its level, the second rib is attached to the sternum, providing an important point of reference for counting ribs and intercostal spaces.

7. Which of the following is an anatomical structure on the posterior surface of the lower edge of a rib?

Rib tubercle (tuberculum costae)

The costal groove (sulcus costae) is located on the inner (posterior inferior) surface of the rib's body along its lower edge. Intercostal vessels and a nerve pass through it (from top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).
Costal groove (sulcus costae)

The costal groove (sulcus costae) is located on the inner (posterior inferior) surface of the rib's body along its lower edge. Intercostal vessels and a nerve pass through it (from top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).
Angle of the rib (angulus costae)

The costal groove (sulcus costae) is located on the inner (posterior inferior) surface of the rib's body along its lower edge. Intercostal vessels and a nerve pass through it (from top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).
Neck of the rib (collum costae)

The costal groove (sulcus costae) is located on the inner (posterior inferior) surface of the rib's body along its lower edge. Intercostal vessels and a nerve pass through it (from top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).
I find it difficult to answer

The costal groove (sulcus costae) is located on the inner (posterior inferior) surface of the rib's body along its lower edge. Intercostal vessels and a nerve pass through it (from top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).

8. What is a costal arch (arcus costalis)?

Connection of the cartilages of ribs I–VII with the sternum

The costal arch (arcus costalis) is formed by the cartilages of ribs VII–X, which join together to form an arched lower boundary of the thoracic cage. The cartilage of the seventh rib connects directly to the sternum, while the cartilages of ribs VIII–X connect via connections with the superior cartilages.
An arched structure formed by the cartilages of ribs VII–X, creating the lower boundary of the thoracic cage

The costal arch (arcus costalis) is formed by the cartilages of ribs VII–X, which join together to form an arched lower boundary of the thoracic cage. The cartilage of the seventh rib connects directly to the sternum, while the cartilages of ribs VIII–X connect via connections with the superior cartilages.
Connection of the anterior ends of ribs XI–XII

The costal arch (arcus costalis) is formed by the cartilages of ribs VII–X, which join together to form an arched lower boundary of the thoracic cage. The cartilage of the seventh rib connects directly to the sternum, while the cartilages of ribs VIII–X connect via connections with the superior cartilages.
Connection of the manubrium and the body of the sternum

The costal arch (arcus costalis) is formed by the cartilages of ribs VII–X, which join together to form an arched lower boundary of the thoracic cage. The cartilage of the seventh rib connects directly to the sternum, while the cartilages of ribs VIII–X connect via connections with the superior cartilages.
I find it difficult to answer

The costal arch (arcus costalis) is formed by the cartilages of ribs VII–X, which join together to form an arched lower boundary of the thoracic cage. The cartilage of the seventh rib connects directly to the sternum, while the cartilages of ribs VIII–X connect via connections with the superior cartilages.

9. What are "false ribs" in human anatomy?

Ribs that are absent in most individuals due to evolutionary changes

False ribs (pairs VIII–X) are connected to the sternum indirectly, joining with the cartilage of the superior rib and forming a costal arch.
Ribs (pairs XI–XII) that do not attach to the sternum and end freely within muscles

False ribs (pairs VIII–X) are connected to the sternum indirectly, joining with the cartilage of the superior rib and forming a costal arch.
Ribs (pairs VIII–X) that attach not directly to the sternum but to the cartilage of the superior rib

False ribs (pairs VIII–X) are connected to the sternum indirectly, joining with the cartilage of the superior rib and forming a costal arch.
Ribs that attach directly to the sternum

False ribs (pairs VIII–X) are connected to the sternum indirectly, joining with the cartilage of the superior rib and forming a costal arch.
I find it difficult to answer

False ribs (pairs VIII–X) are connected to the sternum indirectly, joining with the cartilage of the superior rib and forming a costal arch.

10. What is the name of the unpaired indentation located at the center of the upper edge of the manubrium of the sternum?

Clavicular notch

The jugular notch (incisura jugularis) is located precisely at the center (midline of the body). It can be easily palpated under the skin at the base of the neck.
Costal notch

The jugular notch (incisura jugularis) is located precisely at the center (midline of the body). It can be easily palpated under the skin at the base of the neck.
Jugular notch

The jugular notch (incisura jugularis) is located precisely at the center (midline of the body). It can be easily palpated under the skin at the base of the neck.
Sublingual notch

The jugular notch (incisura jugularis) is located precisely at the center (midline of the body). It can be easily palpated under the skin at the base of the neck.
I find it difficult to answer

The jugular notch (incisura jugularis) is located precisely at the center (midline of the body). It can be easily palpated under the skin at the base of the neck.

11. How many notches are located on the human sternum?

18

17 notches: 1 jugular, 2 clavicular, 14 costal.
17

17 notches: 1 jugular, 2 clavicular, 14 costal.
12

17 notches: 1 jugular, 2 clavicular, 14 costal.
10

17 notches: 1 jugular, 2 clavicular, 14 costal.
I find it difficult to answer

17 notches: 1 jugular, 2 clavicular, 14 costal.

12. How many costal facets (foveae costales) does the body of a typical thoracic vertebra have?

One complete facet on each side

The lateral surfaces of the body of a typical thoracic vertebra have superior and inferior costal demifacets (foveae costales superior et inferior) which, along with the demifacets of adjacent vertebrae, form complete facets for the rib head.
Two demifacets (superior and inferior) on each side

The lateral surfaces of the body of a typical thoracic vertebra have superior and inferior costal demifacets (foveae costales superior et inferior) which, along with the demifacets of adjacent vertebrae, form complete facets for the rib head.
Three facets on each side

The lateral surfaces of the body of a typical thoracic vertebra have superior and inferior costal demifacets (foveae costales superior et inferior) which, along with the demifacets of adjacent vertebrae, form complete facets for the rib head.
Four facets on each side

The lateral surfaces of the body of a typical thoracic vertebra have superior and inferior costal demifacets (foveae costales superior et inferior) which, along with the demifacets of adjacent vertebrae, form complete facets for the rib head.
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral surfaces of the body of a typical thoracic vertebra have superior and inferior costal demifacets (foveae costales superior et inferior) which, along with the demifacets of adjacent vertebrae, form complete facets for the rib head.

13. What is the subcostal angle (angulus infrasternalis)?

Angle between the manubrium and the body of the sternum

The subcostal angle (angulus infrasternalis) is the angle formed between the right and left costal arches and the base of the xiphoid process. Normally, it constitutes about 70–75°, varying depending on build.
Angle between the sternum and the first rib

The subcostal angle (angulus infrasternalis) is the angle formed between the right and left costal arches and the base of the xiphoid process. Normally, it constitutes about 70–75°, varying depending on build.
Angle between the cartilages of the right and left costal arches at the base of the xiphoid process

The subcostal angle (angulus infrasternalis) is the angle formed between the right and left costal arches and the base of the xiphoid process. Normally, it constitutes about 70–75°, varying depending on build.
Angle between the body and the xiphoid process of the sternum

The subcostal angle (angulus infrasternalis) is the angle formed between the right and left costal arches and the base of the xiphoid process. Normally, it constitutes about 70–75°, varying depending on build.
I find it difficult to answer

The subcostal angle (angulus infrasternalis) is the angle formed between the right and left costal arches and the base of the xiphoid process. Normally, it constitutes about 70–75°, varying depending on build.

14. Which of the listed human ribs do not have a rib tubercle (tuberculum costae)?

Pairs I and II

Pairs XI and XII ribs (floating ribs) are the least developed: they lack a neck and rib tubercle, and do not form costotransverse joints, attaching only via the head directly to their vertebra's body.
Pairs II and XI

Pairs XI and XII ribs (floating ribs) are the least developed: they lack a neck and rib tubercle, and do not form costotransverse joints, attaching only via the head directly to their vertebra's body.
Pairs XI and XII

Pairs XI and XII ribs (floating ribs) are the least developed: they lack a neck and rib tubercle, and do not form costotransverse joints, attaching only via the head directly to their vertebra's body.
Only pair XII

Pairs XI and XII ribs (floating ribs) are the least developed: they lack a neck and rib tubercle, and do not form costotransverse joints, attaching only via the head directly to their vertebra's body.
I find it difficult to answer

Pairs XI and XII ribs (floating ribs) are the least developed: they lack a neck and rib tubercle, and do not form costotransverse joints, attaching only via the head directly to their vertebra's body.

15. Which of the following is part of the body of a rib (corpus costae) and not its head or neck?

Crest of the head (crista capitis costae)

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is the site of greatest curvature of the rib's body, located on the rib's body lateral to the tubercle. It is here that the rib sharply turns forward and downward.
Transverse process

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is the site of greatest curvature of the rib's body, located on the rib's body lateral to the tubercle. It is here that the rib sharply turns forward and downward.
Angle of the rib (angulus costae)

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is the site of greatest curvature of the rib's body, located on the rib's body lateral to the tubercle. It is here that the rib sharply turns forward and downward.
Articular surface of the tubercle (facies articularis tuberculi costae)

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is the site of greatest curvature of the rib's body, located on the rib's body lateral to the tubercle. It is here that the rib sharply turns forward and downward.
I find it difficult to answer

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is the site of greatest curvature of the rib's body, located on the rib's body lateral to the tubercle. It is here that the rib sharply turns forward and downward.

16. In which of the listed human ribs does the location of the rib tubercle coincide with its angle?

On the first rib

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is where the rib bends most sharply forward. In most ribs (pairs II–X), the angle of the rib is located more laterally than the rib tubercle (tuberculum costae). On the first rib, due to its unique shape (it is flattened from top to bottom rather than from sides), the angle coincides with the rib tubercle.
On the second rib

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is where the rib bends most sharply forward. In most ribs (pairs II–X), the angle of the rib is located more laterally than the rib tubercle (tuberculum costae). On the first rib, due to its unique shape (it is flattened from top to bottom rather than from sides), the angle coincides with the rib tubercle.
On the seventh rib

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is where the rib bends most sharply forward. In most ribs (pairs II–X), the angle of the rib is located more laterally than the rib tubercle (tuberculum costae). On the first rib, due to its unique shape (it is flattened from top to bottom rather than from sides), the angle coincides with the rib tubercle.
On the twelfth rib

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is where the rib bends most sharply forward. In most ribs (pairs II–X), the angle of the rib is located more laterally than the rib tubercle (tuberculum costae). On the first rib, due to its unique shape (it is flattened from top to bottom rather than from sides), the angle coincides with the rib tubercle.
I find it difficult to answer

The angle of the rib (angulus costae) is where the rib bends most sharply forward. In most ribs (pairs II–X), the angle of the rib is located more laterally than the rib tubercle (tuberculum costae). On the first rib, due to its unique shape (it is flattened from top to bottom rather than from sides), the angle coincides with the rib tubercle.

17. What parts make up a typical rib?

Head, body, tubercle

A typical rib consists of a head (caput costae), a neck (collum costae), and a body (corpus costae). The torso near the neck of the rib is marked by a tubercle (tuberculum costae), which is part of the body.
Head, neck, body (with tubercle)

A typical rib consists of a head (caput costae), a neck (collum costae), and a body (corpus costae). The torso near the neck of the rib is marked by a tubercle (tuberculum costae), which is part of the body.
Base, body, apex

A typical rib consists of a head (caput costae), a neck (collum costae), and a body (corpus costae). The torso near the neck of the rib is marked by a tubercle (tuberculum costae), which is part of the body.
Neck, angle, body

A typical rib consists of a head (caput costae), a neck (collum costae), and a body (corpus costae). The torso near the neck of the rib is marked by a tubercle (tuberculum costae), which is part of the body.
I find it difficult to answer

A typical rib consists of a head (caput costae), a neck (collum costae), and a body (corpus costae). The torso near the neck of the rib is marked by a tubercle (tuberculum costae), which is part of the body.

18. Which ribs are considered atypical in their structure?

Ribs I, II, and XII

Ribs I, XI, and XII are considered atypical. The first rib is flat, wide, and features a scalene tubercle and grooves for the subclavian vessels. Ribs XI and XII lack articular tubercles.
Ribs I, II, XI, and XII

Ribs I, XI, and XII are considered atypical. The first rib is flat, wide, and features a scalene tubercle and grooves for the subclavian vessels. Ribs XI and XII lack articular tubercles.
Ribs I, XI, and XII

Ribs I, XI, and XII are considered atypical. The first rib is flat, wide, and features a scalene tubercle and grooves for the subclavian vessels. Ribs XI and XII lack articular tubercles.
Ribs II, XI, and XII

Ribs I, XI, and XII are considered atypical. The first rib is flat, wide, and features a scalene tubercle and grooves for the subclavian vessels. Ribs XI and XII lack articular tubercles.
I find it difficult to answer

Ribs I, XI, and XII are considered atypical. The first rib is flat, wide, and features a scalene tubercle and grooves for the subclavian vessels. Ribs XI and XII lack articular tubercles.

19. What is the shape of the superior thoracic aperture (apertura thoracis superior)?

Round

The superior thoracic aperture (apertura thoracis superior) is kidney-shaped. It is bordered posteriorly by the first thoracic vertebra, laterally by the first ribs, and anteriorly by the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum.
Triangular

The superior thoracic aperture (apertura thoracis superior) is kidney-shaped. It is bordered posteriorly by the first thoracic vertebra, laterally by the first ribs, and anteriorly by the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum.
Kidney-shaped

The superior thoracic aperture (apertura thoracis superior) is kidney-shaped. It is bordered posteriorly by the first thoracic vertebra, laterally by the first ribs, and anteriorly by the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum.
Square

The superior thoracic aperture (apertura thoracis superior) is kidney-shaped. It is bordered posteriorly by the first thoracic vertebra, laterally by the first ribs, and anteriorly by the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum.
I find it difficult to answer

The superior thoracic aperture (apertura thoracis superior) is kidney-shaped. It is bordered posteriorly by the first thoracic vertebra, laterally by the first ribs, and anteriorly by the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum.

20. With what part does the rib connect to the sternum?

Head of the rib

The anterior (sternal) end of the bony part of the rib transitions into the costal cartilage (cartilago costalis), through which the rib attaches to the costal notches of the sternum (directly in pairs I-VII and indirectly in pairs VIII-X). The cartilaginous connection provides flexibility and mobility to the thoracic cage during respiration.
Costal cartilage

The anterior (sternal) end of the bony part of the rib transitions into the costal cartilage (cartilago costalis), through which the rib attaches to the costal notches of the sternum (directly in pairs I-VII and indirectly in pairs VIII-X). The cartilaginous connection provides flexibility and mobility to the thoracic cage during respiration.
Tubercle of the rib

The anterior (sternal) end of the bony part of the rib transitions into the costal cartilage (cartilago costalis), through which the rib attaches to the costal notches of the sternum (directly in pairs I-VII and indirectly in pairs VIII-X). The cartilaginous connection provides flexibility and mobility to the thoracic cage during respiration.
Angle of the rib

The anterior (sternal) end of the bony part of the rib transitions into the costal cartilage (cartilago costalis), through which the rib attaches to the costal notches of the sternum (directly in pairs I-VII and indirectly in pairs VIII-X). The cartilaginous connection provides flexibility and mobility to the thoracic cage during respiration.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior (sternal) end of the bony part of the rib transitions into the costal cartilage (cartilago costalis), through which the rib attaches to the costal notches of the sternum (directly in pairs I-VII and indirectly in pairs VIII-X). The cartilaginous connection provides flexibility and mobility to the thoracic cage during respiration.