Anatomy quizzes

Thorax anatomy test

Evaluate thorax anatomy knowledge. The test strictly examines osteology, topography, blood supply, innervation, and the structure of the mediastinum.

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1. To which vertebral level does the sternal angle (angulus sterni) of Louis correspond?

Intervertebral disc Th4-Th5

The sternal angle is projected onto the intervertebral disc between the IV and V thoracic vertebrae and serves as a marker for the attachment site of the second rib cartilage.
Intervertebral disc Th2-Th3

The sternal angle is projected onto the intervertebral disc between the IV and V thoracic vertebrae and serves as a marker for the attachment site of the second rib cartilage.
Body of vertebra Th6

The sternal angle is projected onto the intervertebral disc between the IV and V thoracic vertebrae and serves as a marker for the attachment site of the second rib cartilage.
Intervertebral disc Th7-Th8

The sternal angle is projected onto the intervertebral disc between the IV and V thoracic vertebrae and serves as a marker for the attachment site of the second rib cartilage.
I find it difficult to answer

The sternal angle is projected onto the intervertebral disc between the IV and V thoracic vertebrae and serves as a marker for the attachment site of the second rib cartilage.

2. Which structure is located in the groove of the subclavian artery on the first rib?

Subclavian vein

The groove for the subclavian artery on the superior surface of the first rib contains the artery and the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus.
Sympathetic trunk

The groove for the subclavian artery on the superior surface of the first rib contains the artery and the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus.
Phrenic nerve

The groove for the subclavian artery on the superior surface of the first rib contains the artery and the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus.
Subclavian artery and inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

The groove for the subclavian artery on the superior surface of the first rib contains the artery and the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The groove for the subclavian artery on the superior surface of the first rib contains the artery and the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus.

3. Between which muscle layers is the neurovascular bundle typically located in the intercostal space?

External and internal intercostal muscles

The intercostal bundle traverses the fascial space between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle.
External intercostal muscle and the thoracic fascia

The intercostal bundle traverses the fascial space between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle.
Internal and innermost intercostal muscles

The intercostal bundle traverses the fascial space between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle.
Innermost intercostal muscle and the intrathoracic fascia

The intercostal bundle traverses the fascial space between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle.
I find it difficult to answer

The intercostal bundle traverses the fascial space between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle.

4. At what level of the thoracic spine does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Th8

The esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is at the level of the X thoracic vertebra (Th10).
Th10

The esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is at the level of the X thoracic vertebra (Th10).
Th12

The esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is at the level of the X thoracic vertebra (Th10).
L1

The esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is at the level of the X thoracic vertebra (Th10).
I find it difficult to answer

The esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is at the level of the X thoracic vertebra (Th10).

5. What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery (a. thoracica interna)?

Inferior thyroid and suprascapular arteries

The internal thoracic artery divides into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries at the level of the 6th intercostal space.
Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries

The internal thoracic artery divides into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries at the level of the 6th intercostal space.
Thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries

The internal thoracic artery divides into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries at the level of the 6th intercostal space.
Superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries

The internal thoracic artery divides into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries at the level of the 6th intercostal space.
I find it difficult to answer

The internal thoracic artery divides into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries at the level of the 6th intercostal space.

6. Into which does the azygos vein (v. azygos) drain?

Into the superior vena cava

The azygos vein forms an arch over the root of the right lung and it drains into the superior vena cava at the level of Th4.
Into the right atrium

The azygos vein forms an arch over the root of the right lung and it drains into the superior vena cava at the level of Th4.
Into the inferior vena cava

The azygos vein forms an arch over the root of the right lung and it drains into the superior vena cava at the level of Th4.
Into the portal vein

The azygos vein forms an arch over the root of the right lung and it drains into the superior vena cava at the level of Th4.
I find it difficult to answer

The azygos vein forms an arch over the root of the right lung and it drains into the superior vena cava at the level of Th4.

7. Which anatomical structure is situated at the hilum of the right lung at the most superior position?

Pulmonary artery

In the root of the right lung, the main bronchus occupies the superior position. In the left lung, the artery is located at the top.
Superior pulmonary vein

In the root of the right lung, the main bronchus occupies the superior position. In the left lung, the artery is located at the top.
Main bronchus

In the root of the right lung, the main bronchus occupies the superior position. In the left lung, the artery is located at the top.
Inferior pulmonary vein

In the root of the right lung, the main bronchus occupies the superior position. In the left lung, the artery is located at the top.
I find it difficult to answer

In the root of the right lung, the main bronchus occupies the superior position. In the left lung, the artery is located at the top.

8. How many bronchopulmonary segments are traditionally identified in the right lung?

8

The right lung consists of three lobes and includes 10 bronchopulmonary segments.
10

The right lung consists of three lobes and includes 10 bronchopulmonary segments.
9

The right lung consists of three lobes and includes 10 bronchopulmonary segments.
11

The right lung consists of three lobes and includes 10 bronchopulmonary segments.
I find it difficult to answer

The right lung consists of three lobes and includes 10 bronchopulmonary segments.

9. Where is the lingula of the left lung located?

In the lower lobe

The lingula of the left lung is a projection from the lower part of the anterior edge of the upper lobe, located below the cardiac notch.
On the diaphragmatic surface

The lingula of the left lung is a projection from the lower part of the anterior edge of the upper lobe, located below the cardiac notch.
At the apex of the lung

The lingula of the left lung is a projection from the lower part of the anterior edge of the upper lobe, located below the cardiac notch.
On the lower part of the anterior edge of the upper lobe

The lingula of the left lung is a projection from the lower part of the anterior edge of the upper lobe, located below the cardiac notch.
I find it difficult to answer

The lingula of the left lung is a projection from the lower part of the anterior edge of the upper lobe, located below the cardiac notch.

10. At what level does the tracheal bifurcation occur in adults?

Lower border of Th4 - upper border of Th5

The tracheal bifurcation is projected at the level of the intervertebral disc between Th4 and Th5 vertebrae.
Upper border of Th2

The tracheal bifurcation is projected at the level of the intervertebral disc between Th4 and Th5 vertebrae.
Lower border of Th7

The tracheal bifurcation is projected at the level of the intervertebral disc between Th4 and Th5 vertebrae.
Level of the jugular notch of the sternum

The tracheal bifurcation is projected at the level of the intervertebral disc between Th4 and Th5 vertebrae.
I find it difficult to answer

The tracheal bifurcation is projected at the level of the intervertebral disc between Th4 and Th5 vertebrae.

11. Which of the pleural sinuses (recesses) is the deepest?

Costomediastinal

The costodiaphragmatic sinus is the deepest and most extensive reservoir of the pleural cavity, between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura.
Diaphragmatic-mediastinal

The costodiaphragmatic sinus is the deepest and most extensive reservoir of the pleural cavity, between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura.
Vertebral-mediastinal

The costodiaphragmatic sinus is the deepest and most extensive reservoir of the pleural cavity, between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura.
Costodiaphragmatic

The costodiaphragmatic sinus is the deepest and most extensive reservoir of the pleural cavity, between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura.
I find it difficult to answer

The costodiaphragmatic sinus is the deepest and most extensive reservoir of the pleural cavity, between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura.

12. Which structure passes anterior to the root of the lung?

Vagus nerve

The phrenic nerve descends into the thoracic cavity, passing anterior to the roots of the lungs, whereas the vagus nerve passes behind them.
Phrenic nerve

The phrenic nerve descends into the thoracic cavity, passing anterior to the roots of the lungs, whereas the vagus nerve passes behind them.
Azygos vein

The phrenic nerve descends into the thoracic cavity, passing anterior to the roots of the lungs, whereas the vagus nerve passes behind them.
Thoracic duct

The phrenic nerve descends into the thoracic cavity, passing anterior to the roots of the lungs, whereas the vagus nerve passes behind them.
I find it difficult to answer

The phrenic nerve descends into the thoracic cavity, passing anterior to the roots of the lungs, whereas the vagus nerve passes behind them.

13. Which of the following is part of the posterior mediastinum contents?

Thymus gland

The descending thoracic aorta is located in the posterior inferior mediastinum along with the esophagus, azygos vein, and thoracic duct.
Ascending aorta

The descending thoracic aorta is located in the posterior inferior mediastinum along with the esophagus, azygos vein, and thoracic duct.
Descending aorta

The descending thoracic aorta is located in the posterior inferior mediastinum along with the esophagus, azygos vein, and thoracic duct.
Heart and pericardium

The descending thoracic aorta is located in the posterior inferior mediastinum along with the esophagus, azygos vein, and thoracic duct.
I find it difficult to answer

The descending thoracic aorta is located in the posterior inferior mediastinum along with the esophagus, azygos vein, and thoracic duct.

14. Into which venous angle does the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus) most frequently drain?

Into the left venous angle

The thoracic duct collects lymph from three-quarters of the body and drains into the left venous angle.
Into the right venous angle

The thoracic duct collects lymph from three-quarters of the body and drains into the left venous angle.
Into the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins

The thoracic duct collects lymph from three-quarters of the body and drains into the left venous angle.
Directly into the superior vena cava

The thoracic duct collects lymph from three-quarters of the body and drains into the left venous angle.
I find it difficult to answer

The thoracic duct collects lymph from three-quarters of the body and drains into the left venous angle.

15. Which of the following structures crosses the central tendon of the diaphragm?

Aorta

The foramen venae cavae is located in the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of Th8.
Inferior vena cava

The foramen venae cavae is located in the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of Th8.
Esophagus

The foramen venae cavae is located in the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of Th8.
Sympathetic trunk

The foramen venae cavae is located in the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of Th8.
I find it difficult to answer

The foramen venae cavae is located in the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of Th8.

16. Which part of the heart is primarily supplied by the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery?

Posterior wall of the right ventricle

The anterior interventricular branch supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles, the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum, and the apex of the heart.
Lateral wall of the left atrium

The anterior interventricular branch supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles, the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum, and the apex of the heart.
Sinuatrial node

The anterior interventricular branch supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles, the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum, and the apex of the heart.
Anterior walls of the ventricles and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum

The anterior interventricular branch supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles, the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum, and the apex of the heart.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior interventricular branch supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles, the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum, and the apex of the heart.

17. Where is the fossa ovalis located in the heart of an adult?

In the interatrial septum on the side of the right atrium

The fossa ovalis — a remnant of the embryonic oval opening — is located on the interatrial septum.
On the anterior wall of the right atrium

The fossa ovalis — a remnant of the embryonic oval opening — is located on the interatrial septum.
In the interventricular septum

The fossa ovalis — a remnant of the embryonic oval opening — is located on the interatrial septum.
In the wall of the left ventricle

The fossa ovalis — a remnant of the embryonic oval opening — is located on the interatrial septum.
I find it difficult to answer

The fossa ovalis — a remnant of the embryonic oval opening — is located on the interatrial septum.

18. From which artery do the first two posterior intercostal arteries originate?

From the thoracic aorta

The I and II posterior intercostal arteries originate from the supreme intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery.
From the internal thoracic artery

The I and II posterior intercostal arteries originate from the supreme intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery.
From the supreme intercostal artery

The I and II posterior intercostal arteries originate from the supreme intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery.
From the lateral thoracic artery

The I and II posterior intercostal arteries originate from the supreme intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery.
I find it difficult to answer

The I and II posterior intercostal arteries originate from the supreme intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery.

19. Which structure forms the skeleton of the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity?

Sternum and costal cartilages

The posterior wall of the thoracic cage is formed by the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and the posterior ends of the ribs.
Thoracic spine and posterior ends of the ribs

The posterior wall of the thoracic cage is formed by the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and the posterior ends of the ribs.
Clavicles and scapulae

The posterior wall of the thoracic cage is formed by the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and the posterior ends of the ribs.
Costal arches

The posterior wall of the thoracic cage is formed by the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and the posterior ends of the ribs.
I find it difficult to answer

The posterior wall of the thoracic cage is formed by the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and the posterior ends of the ribs.

20. Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle?

Left atrioventricular valve

The pulmonary valve consists of three semilunar cusps that close during diastole.
Tricuspid valve

The pulmonary valve consists of three semilunar cusps that close during diastole.
Pulmonary valve (composed of semilunar cusps)

The pulmonary valve consists of three semilunar cusps that close during diastole.
Aortic valve

The pulmonary valve consists of three semilunar cusps that close during diastole.
I find it difficult to answer

The pulmonary valve consists of three semilunar cusps that close during diastole.