Anatomy test on pectoral muscles

Check your knowledge of innervation and blood supply of pectoral muscles. The test focuses on the vessels and nerves of the thoracic wall and diaphragm.

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1. Which nerves provide motor innervation to the pectoralis major muscle (m. pectoralis major)?

Long thoracic nerve

The pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis) from the brachial plexus.
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

The pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis) from the brachial plexus.
Axillary nerve

The pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis) from the brachial plexus.
Thoracodorsal nerve

The pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis) from the brachial plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis) from the brachial plexus.

2. Which arteries are the main source of blood supply to the serratus anterior muscle (m. serratus anterior)?

Internal thoracic and superior epigastric arteries

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery (a branch of the subscapular).
Suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery (a branch of the subscapular).
Thoracoacromial and subscapular arteries

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery (a branch of the subscapular).
Lateral thoracic and thoracodorsal arteries

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery (a branch of the subscapular).
I find it difficult to answer

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery (a branch of the subscapular).

3. Which nerve structure innervates the subclavius muscle (m. subclavius)?

Subclavian nerve

The subclavius muscle is innervated by the subclavian nerve (n. subclavius), originating from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.
Suprascapular nerve

The subclavius muscle is innervated by the subclavian nerve (n. subclavius), originating from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.
Medial pectoral nerve

The subclavius muscle is innervated by the subclavian nerve (n. subclavius), originating from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.
Dorsal scapular nerve

The subclavius muscle is innervated by the subclavian nerve (n. subclavius), originating from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The subclavius muscle is innervated by the subclavian nerve (n. subclavius), originating from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.

4. Which nerve predominantly innervates the pectoralis minor muscle (m. pectoralis minor)?

Axillary nerve

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (n. pectoralis medialis), which perforates it on the way to the pectoralis major.
Long thoracic nerve

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (n. pectoralis medialis), which perforates it on the way to the pectoralis major.
Medial pectoral nerve

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (n. pectoralis medialis), which perforates it on the way to the pectoralis major.
Thoracodorsal nerve

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (n. pectoralis medialis), which perforates it on the way to the pectoralis major.
I find it difficult to answer

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (n. pectoralis medialis), which perforates it on the way to the pectoralis major.

5. From which vessel does the transversus thoracis muscle (m. transversus thoracis) receive its blood supply?

Internal thoracic artery

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the internal surface of the thoracic wall and receives its blood supply from the internal thoracic artery branches.
Lateral thoracic artery

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the internal surface of the thoracic wall and receives its blood supply from the internal thoracic artery branches.
Supreme intercostal artery

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the internal surface of the thoracic wall and receives its blood supply from the internal thoracic artery branches.
Thoracoacromial artery

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the internal surface of the thoracic wall and receives its blood supply from the internal thoracic artery branches.
I find it difficult to answer

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the internal surface of the thoracic wall and receives its blood supply from the internal thoracic artery branches.

6. What is the source of innervation for the external and internal intercostal muscles?

Posterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves, which are the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of thoracic spinal nerves.
Anterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves, which are the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of thoracic spinal nerves.
Branches of brachial plexus

Intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves, which are the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of thoracic spinal nerves.
Branches of sympathetic trunk

Intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves, which are the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of thoracic spinal nerves.
I find it difficult to answer

Intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves, which are the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of thoracic spinal nerves.

7. Which nerve provides the primary motor innervation of the diaphragm?

Vagus nerve

The diaphragm is innervated by the right and left phrenic nerves (nn. phrenici), originating from the cervical plexus (primarily C4).
Intercostal nerves

The diaphragm is innervated by the right and left phrenic nerves (nn. phrenici), originating from the cervical plexus (primarily C4).
Splanchnic nerves

The diaphragm is innervated by the right and left phrenic nerves (nn. phrenici), originating from the cervical plexus (primarily C4).
Phrenic nerve

The diaphragm is innervated by the right and left phrenic nerves (nn. phrenici), originating from the cervical plexus (primarily C4).
I find it difficult to answer

The diaphragm is innervated by the right and left phrenic nerves (nn. phrenici), originating from the cervical plexus (primarily C4).

8. Which nerves innervate the muscles that elevate the ribs (mm. levatores costarum)?

Intercostal nerves (anterior branches)

Unlike intercostal muscles, the rib elevators are innervated by lateral branches of the posterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves.
Long thoracic nerve

Unlike intercostal muscles, the rib elevators are innervated by lateral branches of the posterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves.
Posterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Unlike intercostal muscles, the rib elevators are innervated by lateral branches of the posterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves.
Thoracodorsal nerve

Unlike intercostal muscles, the rib elevators are innervated by lateral branches of the posterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves.
I find it difficult to answer

Unlike intercostal muscles, the rib elevators are innervated by lateral branches of the posterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves.

9. Which vessels primarily supply blood to the costal part of the diaphragm?

Musculophrenic artery and lower posterior intercostal arteries

The peripheral (costal) part of the diaphragm receives blood supply from the musculophrenic artery and branches of the 6–7 lower posterior intercostal arteries.
Pericardiacophrenic artery

The peripheral (costal) part of the diaphragm receives blood supply from the musculophrenic artery and branches of the 6–7 lower posterior intercostal arteries.
Superior epigastric artery

The peripheral (costal) part of the diaphragm receives blood supply from the musculophrenic artery and branches of the 6–7 lower posterior intercostal arteries.
Lateral thoracic artery

The peripheral (costal) part of the diaphragm receives blood supply from the musculophrenic artery and branches of the 6–7 lower posterior intercostal arteries.
I find it difficult to answer

The peripheral (costal) part of the diaphragm receives blood supply from the musculophrenic artery and branches of the 6–7 lower posterior intercostal arteries.

10. From which artery is the pectoral branch (r. pectoralis) supplying the pectoralis major muscle derived?

Subscapular artery

The pectoral branches (rr. pectorales), supplying the pectoralis major and minor muscles, stem from the thoracoacromial artery (a. thoracoacromialis).
Thoracoacromial artery

The pectoral branches (rr. pectorales), supplying the pectoralis major and minor muscles, stem from the thoracoacromial artery (a. thoracoacromialis).
Suprascapular artery

The pectoral branches (rr. pectorales), supplying the pectoralis major and minor muscles, stem from the thoracoacromial artery (a. thoracoacromialis).
Lateral thoracic artery

The pectoral branches (rr. pectorales), supplying the pectoralis major and minor muscles, stem from the thoracoacromial artery (a. thoracoacromialis).
I find it difficult to answer

The pectoral branches (rr. pectorales), supplying the pectoralis major and minor muscles, stem from the thoracoacromial artery (a. thoracoacromialis).

11. Which nerves provide innervation to the subcostal muscles (mm. subcostales)?

Posterior branches of thoracic nerves

The subcostal muscles, like the internal intercostal muscles, are innervated by the corresponding intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales).
Iliohypogastric nerve

The subcostal muscles, like the internal intercostal muscles, are innervated by the corresponding intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales).
Phrenic nerve

The subcostal muscles, like the internal intercostal muscles, are innervated by the corresponding intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales).
Intercostal nerves

The subcostal muscles, like the internal intercostal muscles, are innervated by the corresponding intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales).
I find it difficult to answer

The subcostal muscles, like the internal intercostal muscles, are innervated by the corresponding intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales).

12. Which artery accompanies the phrenic nerve through the thoracic cavity, heading toward the diaphragm?

Musculophrenic artery

The pericardiacophrenic artery (a branch of the internal thoracic artery) descends along with the phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium.
Superior phrenic artery

The pericardiacophrenic artery (a branch of the internal thoracic artery) descends along with the phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium.
Pericardiacophrenic artery

The pericardiacophrenic artery (a branch of the internal thoracic artery) descends along with the phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium.
Inferior phrenic artery

The pericardiacophrenic artery (a branch of the internal thoracic artery) descends along with the phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium.
I find it difficult to answer

The pericardiacophrenic artery (a branch of the internal thoracic artery) descends along with the phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium.

13. Where does the main venous drainage from the lateral wall of the thoracic cage through the lateral thoracic vein go?

Into the axillary vein

The lateral thoracic vein (v. thoracica lateralis) collects blood from the lateral wall of the thoracic cage and drains into the axillary vein (v. axillaris).
Into the internal thoracic vein

The lateral thoracic vein (v. thoracica lateralis) collects blood from the lateral wall of the thoracic cage and drains into the axillary vein (v. axillaris).
Into the azygos vein

The lateral thoracic vein (v. thoracica lateralis) collects blood from the lateral wall of the thoracic cage and drains into the axillary vein (v. axillaris).
Into the subclavian vein

The lateral thoracic vein (v. thoracica lateralis) collects blood from the lateral wall of the thoracic cage and drains into the axillary vein (v. axillaris).
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral thoracic vein (v. thoracica lateralis) collects blood from the lateral wall of the thoracic cage and drains into the axillary vein (v. axillaris).

14. Where is the intercostal nerve located in relation to the innermost intercostal muscle (m. intercostalis intimus)?

Medial to it (between the muscle and the intrathoracic fascia)

The neurovascular bundle runs in the intermuscular space between the internal intercostal muscle (externally) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internally).
Lateral to it (between the internal and innermost muscles)

The neurovascular bundle runs in the intermuscular space between the internal intercostal muscle (externally) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internally).
Within the thickness of the innermost intercostal muscle

The neurovascular bundle runs in the intermuscular space between the internal intercostal muscle (externally) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internally).
Outside of the external intercostal muscle

The neurovascular bundle runs in the intermuscular space between the internal intercostal muscle (externally) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internally).
I find it difficult to answer

The neurovascular bundle runs in the intermuscular space between the internal intercostal muscle (externally) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internally).

15. Which branch of the internal thoracic artery runs along the costal arch, supplying the diaphragm and lower intercostals?

Lateral thoracic artery

The internal thoracic artery divides into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries, which run along the attachment of the diaphragm to the costal arch.
Inferior phrenic artery

The internal thoracic artery divides into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries, which run along the attachment of the diaphragm to the costal arch.
Pericardiacophrenic artery

The internal thoracic artery divides into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries, which run along the attachment of the diaphragm to the costal arch.
Musculophrenic artery

The internal thoracic artery divides into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries, which run along the attachment of the diaphragm to the costal arch.
I find it difficult to answer

The internal thoracic artery divides into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries, which run along the attachment of the diaphragm to the costal arch.

16. From which artery do the anterior intercostal branches (rr. intercostales anteriores) for the six upper intercostals arise?

From the internal thoracic artery

For intercostal spaces I–VI, the anterior intercostal branches arise directly from the internal thoracic artery (a. thoracica interna).
From the thoracic aorta

For intercostal spaces I–VI, the anterior intercostal branches arise directly from the internal thoracic artery (a. thoracica interna).
From the axillary artery

For intercostal spaces I–VI, the anterior intercostal branches arise directly from the internal thoracic artery (a. thoracica interna).
From the costocervical trunk

For intercostal spaces I–VI, the anterior intercostal branches arise directly from the internal thoracic artery (a. thoracica interna).
I find it difficult to answer

For intercostal spaces I–VI, the anterior intercostal branches arise directly from the internal thoracic artery (a. thoracica interna).

17. Which nerve is located on the external surface of the serratus anterior muscle, descending vertically?

Thoracodorsal nerve

The long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus) runs along the outer surface of the serratus anterior muscle (mid-axillary line) and innervates it.
Lateral pectoral nerve

The long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus) runs along the outer surface of the serratus anterior muscle (mid-axillary line) and innervates it.
Long thoracic nerve

The long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus) runs along the outer surface of the serratus anterior muscle (mid-axillary line) and innervates it.
Axillary nerve

The long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus) runs along the outer surface of the serratus anterior muscle (mid-axillary line) and innervates it.
I find it difficult to answer

The long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus) runs along the outer surface of the serratus anterior muscle (mid-axillary line) and innervates it.

18. From which major vessel do the superior phrenic arteries (aa. phrenicae superiores) originate?

From the internal thoracic artery

Superior phrenic arteries are parietal branches of the thoracic aorta and supply the lumbar part of the diaphragm from above.
From the thoracic aorta

Superior phrenic arteries are parietal branches of the thoracic aorta and supply the lumbar part of the diaphragm from above.
From the abdominal part of the aorta

Superior phrenic arteries are parietal branches of the thoracic aorta and supply the lumbar part of the diaphragm from above.
From the subclavian artery

Superior phrenic arteries are parietal branches of the thoracic aorta and supply the lumbar part of the diaphragm from above.
I find it difficult to answer

Superior phrenic arteries are parietal branches of the thoracic aorta and supply the lumbar part of the diaphragm from above.

19. Into which vein do most of the right posterior intercostal veins (vv. intercostales posteriores dextrae) drain?

Into the hemiazygos vein

On the right side of the thorax, the posterior intercostal veins (from IV to XI) drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).
Into the internal thoracic vein

On the right side of the thorax, the posterior intercostal veins (from IV to XI) drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).
Into the superior vena cava

On the right side of the thorax, the posterior intercostal veins (from IV to XI) drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).
Into the azygos vein

On the right side of the thorax, the posterior intercostal veins (from IV to XI) drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).
I find it difficult to answer

On the right side of the thorax, the posterior intercostal veins (from IV to XI) drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).

20. Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the central part of the diaphragmatic pleura and peritoneum?

Phrenic nerve

The phrenic nerve is a mixed nerve: it provides motor fibers to the diaphragm and sensory fibers to its central serous membranes.
Intercostal nerves

The phrenic nerve is a mixed nerve: it provides motor fibers to the diaphragm and sensory fibers to its central serous membranes.
Vagus nerve

The phrenic nerve is a mixed nerve: it provides motor fibers to the diaphragm and sensory fibers to its central serous membranes.
Splanchnic nerves

The phrenic nerve is a mixed nerve: it provides motor fibers to the diaphragm and sensory fibers to its central serous membranes.
I find it difficult to answer

The phrenic nerve is a mixed nerve: it provides motor fibers to the diaphragm and sensory fibers to its central serous membranes.