Anatomy test on thoracic muscles

Evaluate your knowledge of thoracic muscle system anatomy. The test primarily focuses on the topography, attachment, innervation, and functions of the pectoral muscles.

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1. Which part is NOT distinguished in the pectoralis major muscle?

Clavicular

The pectoralis major muscle comprises three parts: clavicular, sternocostal, and abdominal. The scapular part does not exist.
Sternocostal

The pectoralis major muscle comprises three parts: clavicular, sternocostal, and abdominal. The scapular part does not exist.
Abdominal

The pectoralis major muscle comprises three parts: clavicular, sternocostal, and abdominal. The scapular part does not exist.
Scapular

The pectoralis major muscle comprises three parts: clavicular, sternocostal, and abdominal. The scapular part does not exist.
I find it difficult to answer

The pectoralis major muscle comprises three parts: clavicular, sternocostal, and abdominal. The scapular part does not exist.

2. Which nerve provides motor innervation to the serratus anterior muscle (m. serratus anterior)?

Axillary nerve

The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus), a branch of the brachial plexus.
Thoracodorsal nerve

The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus), a branch of the brachial plexus.
Medial pectoral nerve

The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus), a branch of the brachial plexus.
Long thoracic nerve

The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus), a branch of the brachial plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus), a branch of the brachial plexus.

3. Where does the pectoralis minor muscle attach?

To the acromion of the scapula

The pectoralis minor muscle originates from the second to the fifth ribs and attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.
To the coracoid process of the scapula

The pectoralis minor muscle originates from the second to the fifth ribs and attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.
To the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

The pectoralis minor muscle originates from the second to the fifth ribs and attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.
To the spine of the scapula

The pectoralis minor muscle originates from the second to the fifth ribs and attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.
I find it difficult to answer

The pectoralis minor muscle originates from the second to the fifth ribs and attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.

4. In what direction do the bundles of the external intercostal muscles (mm. intercostales externi) run?

From bottom to top and front to back

The bundles of external intercostal muscles run obliquely from top to bottom and back to front.
Vertically from cartilage to cartilage

The bundles of external intercostal muscles run obliquely from top to bottom and back to front.
From top to bottom and back to front

The bundles of external intercostal muscles run obliquely from top to bottom and back to front.
From top to bottom and front to back

The bundles of external intercostal muscles run obliquely from top to bottom and back to front.
I find it difficult to answer

The bundles of external intercostal muscles run obliquely from top to bottom and back to front.

5. What replaces the internal intercostal muscles (mm. intercostales interni) from the angle of the ribs to the spine?

With the external intercostal membrane

In the posterior sections of the intercostal spaces, from the angles of the ribs to the spine, the internal intercostal muscles are absent and are replaced by the internal intercostal membrane.
With the internal intercostal membrane

In the posterior sections of the intercostal spaces, from the angles of the ribs to the spine, the internal intercostal muscles are absent and are replaced by the internal intercostal membrane.
With the subcostal muscles

In the posterior sections of the intercostal spaces, from the angles of the ribs to the spine, the internal intercostal muscles are absent and are replaced by the internal intercostal membrane.
With the transversus thoracis muscle

In the posterior sections of the intercostal spaces, from the angles of the ribs to the spine, the internal intercostal muscles are absent and are replaced by the internal intercostal membrane.
I find it difficult to answer

In the posterior sections of the intercostal spaces, from the angles of the ribs to the spine, the internal intercostal muscles are absent and are replaced by the internal intercostal membrane.

6. Which vessels pass through the Larrey triangle (sternocostal triangle) of the diaphragm?

Posterior intercostal vessels

The internal thoracic artery and vein, which continue as the superior epigastric vessels, pass through the Larrey/Morgagni slit within the sternocostal triangle.
Musculophrenic vessels

The internal thoracic artery and vein, which continue as the superior epigastric vessels, pass through the Larrey/Morgagni slit within the sternocostal triangle.
Azygos and hemiazygos veins

The internal thoracic artery and vein, which continue as the superior epigastric vessels, pass through the Larrey/Morgagni slit within the sternocostal triangle.
Superior epigastric vessels

The internal thoracic artery and vein, which continue as the superior epigastric vessels, pass through the Larrey/Morgagni slit within the sternocostal triangle.
I find it difficult to answer

The internal thoracic artery and vein, which continue as the superior epigastric vessels, pass through the Larrey/Morgagni slit within the sternocostal triangle.

7. To which structures does the transversus thoracis muscle (m. transversus thoracis) attach?

To the outer surface of the sternum and the cartilages of the first to fifth ribs

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the inner surface of the anterior thoracic wall, attaching to the sternum and the cartilages of the second to sixth ribs.
To the internal surface of the xiphoid process, the body of the sternum, and the cartilages of the second to sixth ribs

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the inner surface of the anterior thoracic wall, attaching to the sternum and the cartilages of the second to sixth ribs.
To the bodies of thoracic vertebrae and the posterior ends of the ribs

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the inner surface of the anterior thoracic wall, attaching to the sternum and the cartilages of the second to sixth ribs.
To the clavicle and the first rib

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the inner surface of the anterior thoracic wall, attaching to the sternum and the cartilages of the second to sixth ribs.
I find it difficult to answer

The transversus thoracis muscle is located on the inner surface of the anterior thoracic wall, attaching to the sternum and the cartilages of the second to sixth ribs.

8. What bounds the aortic hiatus (hiatus aorticus) of the diaphragm?

The right and left crura of the lumbar part and the median arcuate ligament

The aortic hiatus is bounded by the right and left crura of the lumbar part of the diaphragm and the median arcuate ligament.
The medial and lateral arcuate ligaments

The aortic hiatus is bounded by the right and left crura of the lumbar part of the diaphragm and the median arcuate ligament.
The central tendon and the muscular bundles of the costal part

The aortic hiatus is bounded by the right and left crura of the lumbar part of the diaphragm and the median arcuate ligament.
The sternum and the anterior arcuate ligament

The aortic hiatus is bounded by the right and left crura of the lumbar part of the diaphragm and the median arcuate ligament.
I find it difficult to answer

The aortic hiatus is bounded by the right and left crura of the lumbar part of the diaphragm and the median arcuate ligament.

9. Which nerve passes through the diaphragm's central tendon with the inferior vena cava?

Left vagus nerve

Branches of the right phrenic nerve often pass through the vena cava foramen in the diaphragm's central tendon.
Right vagus nerve

Branches of the right phrenic nerve often pass through the vena cava foramen in the diaphragm's central tendon.
Right phrenic nerve

Branches of the right phrenic nerve often pass through the vena cava foramen in the diaphragm's central tendon.
Left phrenic nerve

Branches of the right phrenic nerve often pass through the vena cava foramen in the diaphragm's central tendon.
I find it difficult to answer

Branches of the right phrenic nerve often pass through the vena cava foramen in the diaphragm's central tendon.

10. Which pectoral muscle forms the anterior wall of the axilla with the pectoralis minor muscle?

Serratus anterior muscle

The anterior wall of the axillary space is formed by the pectoralis major and minor muscles.
Latissimus dorsi muscle

The anterior wall of the axillary space is formed by the pectoralis major and minor muscles.
Subclavius muscle

The anterior wall of the axillary space is formed by the pectoralis major and minor muscles.
Pectoralis major muscle

The anterior wall of the axillary space is formed by the pectoralis major and minor muscles.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior wall of the axillary space is formed by the pectoralis major and minor muscles.

11. Where does the subclavius muscle (m. subclavius) originate?

From the cartilage of the first rib

The subclavius muscle has a small belly, originating from the cartilage of the first rib and attaching to the acromial end of the clavicle.
From the acromion of the scapula

The subclavius muscle has a small belly, originating from the cartilage of the first rib and attaching to the acromial end of the clavicle.
From the sternal end of the clavicle

The subclavius muscle has a small belly, originating from the cartilage of the first rib and attaching to the acromial end of the clavicle.
From the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra

The subclavius muscle has a small belly, originating from the cartilage of the first rib and attaching to the acromial end of the clavicle.
I find it difficult to answer

The subclavius muscle has a small belly, originating from the cartilage of the first rib and attaching to the acromial end of the clavicle.

12. In which triangle of the anterior thoracic wall is the pectoralis minor muscle located?

In the pectoral triangle

The pectoralis minor muscle corresponds to the contours of the pectoral triangle (trigonum pectorale) of the anterior wall of the axillary fossa.
In the clavipectoral triangle

The pectoralis minor muscle corresponds to the contours of the pectoral triangle (trigonum pectorale) of the anterior wall of the axillary fossa.
In the subpectoral triangle

The pectoralis minor muscle corresponds to the contours of the pectoral triangle (trigonum pectorale) of the anterior wall of the axillary fossa.
In the deltopectoral triangle

The pectoralis minor muscle corresponds to the contours of the pectoral triangle (trigonum pectorale) of the anterior wall of the axillary fossa.
I find it difficult to answer

The pectoralis minor muscle corresponds to the contours of the pectoral triangle (trigonum pectorale) of the anterior wall of the axillary fossa.

13. What replaces the external intercostal muscles (mm. intercostales externi) ventrally, between the costal cartilages?

With the internal intercostal membrane

The external intercostal muscles do not reach the sternum; they are replaced by the external intercostal membrane in the costal cartilage area.
With the endothoracic fascia

The external intercostal muscles do not reach the sternum; they are replaced by the external intercostal membrane in the costal cartilage area.
With the external intercostal membrane

The external intercostal muscles do not reach the sternum; they are replaced by the external intercostal membrane in the costal cartilage area.
With the transversus thoracis muscle

The external intercostal muscles do not reach the sternum; they are replaced by the external intercostal membrane in the costal cartilage area.
I find it difficult to answer

The external intercostal muscles do not reach the sternum; they are replaced by the external intercostal membrane in the costal cartilage area.

14. To what function type do the levatores costarum muscles primarily belong?

To the expiratory muscles

The rib-lifting muscles act synergistically with the external intercostal muscles, expanding the thoracic cavity and facilitating the inspiration process.
To the inspiratory muscles

The rib-lifting muscles act synergistically with the external intercostal muscles, expanding the thoracic cavity and facilitating the inspiration process.
To the muscles of the abdominal press

The rib-lifting muscles act synergistically with the external intercostal muscles, expanding the thoracic cavity and facilitating the inspiration process.
To the muscles of the upper limb

The rib-lifting muscles act synergistically with the external intercostal muscles, expanding the thoracic cavity and facilitating the inspiration process.
I find it difficult to answer

The rib-lifting muscles act synergistically with the external intercostal muscles, expanding the thoracic cavity and facilitating the inspiration process.

15. Which structure forms the lateral arcuate ligament (ligamentum arcuatum laterale) of the diaphragm?

Thickened fascia over the quadratus lumborum muscle

The lateral arcuate ligament spans over the quadratus lumborum muscle, functioning as a thickening of its fascia.
Thickened fascia over the psoas major muscle

The lateral arcuate ligament spans over the quadratus lumborum muscle, functioning as a thickening of its fascia.
Thickened thoracolumbar fascia

The lateral arcuate ligament spans over the quadratus lumborum muscle, functioning as a thickening of its fascia.
Aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle

The lateral arcuate ligament spans over the quadratus lumborum muscle, functioning as a thickening of its fascia.
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral arcuate ligament spans over the quadratus lumborum muscle, functioning as a thickening of its fascia.

16. Which artery is the primary source of blood supply to the serratus anterior muscle (m. serratus anterior)?

Superior epigastric artery

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery.
Internal thoracic artery

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery.
Suprascapular artery

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery.
Lateral thoracic artery

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery.
I find it difficult to answer

The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the thoracodorsal artery.

17. How are the innermost intercostal muscles (mm. intercostales intimi) positioned relative to the intercostal neurovascular bundle?

Externally to the bundle

The intercostal neurovascular bundle passes between the internal intercostal muscle (external) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internal).
Internally to the bundle

The intercostal neurovascular bundle passes between the internal intercostal muscle (external) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internal).
Below the bundle

The intercostal neurovascular bundle passes between the internal intercostal muscle (external) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internal).
Above the bundle

The intercostal neurovascular bundle passes between the internal intercostal muscle (external) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internal).
I find it difficult to answer

The intercostal neurovascular bundle passes between the internal intercostal muscle (external) and the innermost intercostal muscle (internal).

18. Which fascia covers the pectoralis major muscle and continues into the axillary fascia?

Endothoracic fascia

The deep pectoral fascia (fascia pectoralis) covers the pectoralis major muscle and at its lower edge continues into the axillary fascia.
Clavipectoral fascia

The deep pectoral fascia (fascia pectoralis) covers the pectoralis major muscle and at its lower edge continues into the axillary fascia.
Pectoral fascia (fascia pectoralis)

The deep pectoral fascia (fascia pectoralis) covers the pectoralis major muscle and at its lower edge continues into the axillary fascia.
Superficial fascia of the abdomen

The deep pectoral fascia (fascia pectoralis) covers the pectoralis major muscle and at its lower edge continues into the axillary fascia.
I find it difficult to answer

The deep pectoral fascia (fascia pectoralis) covers the pectoralis major muscle and at its lower edge continues into the axillary fascia.

19. What passes through the esophageal hiatus (hiatus oesophageus) of the diaphragm along with the esophagus?

Vagus trunks

Through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity pass the esophagus and the anterior and posterior vagus trunks.
Azygos vein

Through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity pass the esophagus and the anterior and posterior vagus trunks.
Thoracic duct

Through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity pass the esophagus and the anterior and posterior vagus trunks.
Sympathetic trunk

Through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity pass the esophagus and the anterior and posterior vagus trunks.
I find it difficult to answer

Through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity pass the esophagus and the anterior and posterior vagus trunks.

20. Which muscles are located on the inner surface of the lower part of the thoracic cage, spanning one or two ribs?

The muscles lifting the ribs

The subcostales muscles are located on the inner surface of the lower ribs, their bundles spanning one or two ribs, having the same direction as the internal intercostal muscles.
Transversus thoracis muscle

The subcostales muscles are located on the inner surface of the lower ribs, their bundles spanning one or two ribs, having the same direction as the internal intercostal muscles.
Subcostales muscles (mm. subcostales)

The subcostales muscles are located on the inner surface of the lower ribs, their bundles spanning one or two ribs, having the same direction as the internal intercostal muscles.
Serratus posterior muscles

The subcostales muscles are located on the inner surface of the lower ribs, their bundles spanning one or two ribs, having the same direction as the internal intercostal muscles.
I find it difficult to answer

The subcostales muscles are located on the inner surface of the lower ribs, their bundles spanning one or two ribs, having the same direction as the internal intercostal muscles.