Tooth Remineralization

Tooth remineralization (Lat. remineralisatio) is a process of partially restoring the mineral density of enamel via the influx of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride ions from saliva or special preparations into the enamel’s crystalline grid.

This process serves as a natural protective mechanism against demineralization.

Etiology and pathophysiology

In the oral cavity, a dynamic balance is maintained: saliva, supersaturated with minerals, continuously nourishes the enamel. At a neutral and alkaline pH level, ions penetrate the microspaces of hydroxyapatite crystals, reinforcing them. The effectiveness of remineralization is influenced by the cleanliness of the tooth surface, the composition of saliva, and the presence of fluorides, which accelerate the formation of more stable crystalline structures in the enamel.

Clinical significance

Remineralization is the primary method for treating early-stage caries at the white spot stage. At this stage, the damage is still reversible since the organic matrix of the enamel is preserved. The use of remineralizing agents allows for the restoration of enamel hardness without surgical intervention or tooth restoration.