Remineralization of teeth

Remineralization of teeth (Latin remineralisatio) is a process of partial restoration of mineral density of enamel due to the entry of calcium, phosphorus and fluoride ions from saliva or special preparations into the crystal lattice of enamel.

This process is a natural defense mechanism to counteract demineralization.

Etiology and pathophysiology

In the normal oral cavity, a dynamic equilibrium is maintained: saliva, over-saturated with minerals, constantly nourishes the enamel. At neutral and alkaline pH levels, ions penetrate into the microspaces of hydroxyapatite crystals, strengthening them. The effectiveness of remineralization depends on the cleanliness of the tooth surface, the composition of saliva and the presence of fluorides, which accelerate the building of more stable enamel crystal structures.

Clinical significance

Remineralization is the main treatment for initial caries in the white spot stage. At this stage, the damage is still reversible, as the organic matrix of enamel is preserved. The use of remineralizing preparations makes it possible to restore enamel hardness without surgical intervention and tooth restoration.