Alveolar process of the jaw

The alveolar process (latin processus alveolaris) — is an anatomical part of the jaw that bears the teeth and forms the bony sockets of the teeth (alveoli). This structure is functionally dependent: it develops during the process of tooth eruption and undergoes gradual atrophy after their loss.

Etiology and pathophysiology

The alveolar process consists of an outer and inner cortical plate with spongy substance in between. In chronic inflammatory processes at the apex of the tooth (apical periodontitis), the alveolar bone is destroyed and replaced by granulation. In contrast, in reactive processes such as condensing osteitis, the bone becomes more dense.

Clinical significance

The condition of the alveolar process is assessed by radiography and is a key factor in the diagnosis of caries complications. Preserving the height and bone density of the alveolar process is important not only for the health of the tooth, but also for the possibility of subsequent dental implantation in case of bone loss.