Quiz on the Anatomy of the Pelvic Girdle Bones

The quiz covers the structure of the pelvic girdle bones: ilium, ischium, pubis, and sacrum.

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1. Which of the listed bones is NOT part of the hip bone?

Os ilium

The hip bone is formed by three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The sacrum is a separate bone of the axial skeleton and is not part of the hip bone.
Os ischium

The hip bone is formed by three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The sacrum is a separate bone of the axial skeleton and is not part of the hip bone.
Os pubis

The hip bone is formed by three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The sacrum is a separate bone of the axial skeleton and is not part of the hip bone.
Os sacrum

The hip bone is formed by three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The sacrum is a separate bone of the axial skeleton and is not part of the hip bone.
I find it difficult to answer

The hip bone is formed by three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The sacrum is a separate bone of the axial skeleton and is not part of the hip bone.

2. At what point do the three parts of the hip bone fuse, forming the acetabulum?

In the region of the ischial tuberosity

All three bones – ilium, ischium, and pubis – fuse in the region of the acetabulum. Their line of fusion passes through the acetabulum. The synchondrosis between them obliterates by the age of 16-18.
In the region of the pubic symphysis

All three bones – ilium, ischium, and pubis – fuse in the region of the acetabulum. Their line of fusion passes through the acetabulum. The synchondrosis between them obliterates by the age of 16-18.
In the region of the pubic rami

All three bones – ilium, ischium, and pubis – fuse in the region of the acetabulum. Their line of fusion passes through the acetabulum. The synchondrosis between them obliterates by the age of 16-18.
At the confluence of all three bones within the acetabulum

All three bones – ilium, ischium, and pubis – fuse in the region of the acetabulum. Their line of fusion passes through the acetabulum. The synchondrosis between them obliterates by the age of 16-18.
I find it difficult to answer

All three bones – ilium, ischium, and pubis – fuse in the region of the acetabulum. Their line of fusion passes through the acetabulum. The synchondrosis between them obliterates by the age of 16-18.

3. Which structure bounds the obturator foramen inferiorly and posteriorly?

Pubis

The obturator foramen is bounded by the pubic bone (superiorly and anteriorly) and the ischial bone (inferiorly and posteriorly). The ilium does not contribute directly to the formation of the obturator foramen.
Ilium

The obturator foramen is bounded by the pubic bone (superiorly and anteriorly) and the ischial bone (inferiorly and posteriorly). The ilium does not contribute directly to the formation of the obturator foramen.
Ischium

The obturator foramen is bounded by the pubic bone (superiorly and anteriorly) and the ischial bone (inferiorly and posteriorly). The ilium does not contribute directly to the formation of the obturator foramen.
Sacrum

The obturator foramen is bounded by the pubic bone (superiorly and anteriorly) and the ischial bone (inferiorly and posteriorly). The ilium does not contribute directly to the formation of the obturator foramen.
I find it difficult to answer

The obturator foramen is bounded by the pubic bone (superiorly and anteriorly) and the ischial bone (inferiorly and posteriorly). The ilium does not contribute directly to the formation of the obturator foramen.

4. What is the name of the articular surface on the ilium that contributes to the formation of the sacroiliac joint?

Facies symphysialis

The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the corresponding surface of the sacrum, forming the sacroiliac joint. Facies symphysialis refers to the surface of the pubic symphysis, and facies lunata refers to the crescent-shaped surface of the acetabulum.
Facies auricularis

The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the corresponding surface of the sacrum, forming the sacroiliac joint. Facies symphysialis refers to the surface of the pubic symphysis, and facies lunata refers to the crescent-shaped surface of the acetabulum.
Facies lunata

The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the corresponding surface of the sacrum, forming the sacroiliac joint. Facies symphysialis refers to the surface of the pubic symphysis, and facies lunata refers to the crescent-shaped surface of the acetabulum.
Facies poplitea

The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the corresponding surface of the sacrum, forming the sacroiliac joint. Facies symphysialis refers to the surface of the pubic symphysis, and facies lunata refers to the crescent-shaped surface of the acetabulum.
I find it difficult to answer

The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the corresponding surface of the sacrum, forming the sacroiliac joint. Facies symphysialis refers to the surface of the pubic symphysis, and facies lunata refers to the crescent-shaped surface of the acetabulum.

5. What is the linea terminalis of the pelvis?

Crest of the ilium

The linea terminalis separates the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis. It extends from the promontory of the sacrum, along the arcuate line of the ilium, and then along the pecten ossis pubis and tuberculum pubicum to the pubic symphysis
The boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis, formed by the promontory of the sacrum, arcuate lines, and crest of the pubic bones

The linea terminalis separates the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis. It extends from the promontory of the sacrum, along the arcuate line of the ilium, and then along the pecten ossis pubis and tuberculum pubicum to the pubic symphysis
The lower edge of the symphysis

The linea terminalis separates the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis. It extends from the promontory of the sacrum, along the arcuate line of the ilium, and then along the pecten ossis pubis and tuberculum pubicum to the pubic symphysis
The inner edge of the obturator foramen

The linea terminalis separates the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis. It extends from the promontory of the sacrum, along the arcuate line of the ilium, and then along the pecten ossis pubis and tuberculum pubicum to the pubic symphysis
I find it difficult to answer

The linea terminalis separates the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis. It extends from the promontory of the sacrum, along the arcuate line of the ilium, and then along the pecten ossis pubis and tuberculum pubicum to the pubic symphysis

6. Which surface of the acetabulum is covered with articular cartilage?

Fossa acetabuli

The lunate surface of the acetabulum is lined with hyaline articular cartilage and articulates with the head of the femur. The acetabular fossa is a depression in the center covered with adipose tissue and synovial membrane, but not cartilage.
Facies lunata

The lunate surface of the acetabulum is lined with hyaline articular cartilage and articulates with the head of the femur. The acetabular fossa is a depression in the center covered with adipose tissue and synovial membrane, but not cartilage.
Incisura acetabuli

The lunate surface of the acetabulum is lined with hyaline articular cartilage and articulates with the head of the femur. The acetabular fossa is a depression in the center covered with adipose tissue and synovial membrane, but not cartilage.
Foramen obturatum

The lunate surface of the acetabulum is lined with hyaline articular cartilage and articulates with the head of the femur. The acetabular fossa is a depression in the center covered with adipose tissue and synovial membrane, but not cartilage.
I find it difficult to answer

The lunate surface of the acetabulum is lined with hyaline articular cartilage and articulates with the head of the femur. The acetabular fossa is a depression in the center covered with adipose tissue and synovial membrane, but not cartilage.

7. Where is the ischial tuberosity located?

On the body of the ilium

The ischial tuberosity is a robust protrusion of the inferoposterior part of the body of the ischium. It serves as a support point when sitting and as the site of origin for the posterior thigh muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus).
On the inferoposterior part of the body of the ischium

The ischial tuberosity is a robust protrusion of the inferoposterior part of the body of the ischium. It serves as a support point when sitting and as the site of origin for the posterior thigh muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus).
On the inferior pubic ramus

The ischial tuberosity is a robust protrusion of the inferoposterior part of the body of the ischium. It serves as a support point when sitting and as the site of origin for the posterior thigh muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus).
On the posterior surface of the sacrum

The ischial tuberosity is a robust protrusion of the inferoposterior part of the body of the ischium. It serves as a support point when sitting and as the site of origin for the posterior thigh muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus).
I find it difficult to answer

The ischial tuberosity is a robust protrusion of the inferoposterior part of the body of the ischium. It serves as a support point when sitting and as the site of origin for the posterior thigh muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus).

8. Which element of the ilium forms the upper boundary of the greater pelvis?

Spina iliaca anterior superior

The iliac crest — the curved superior edge of the ilium — is the upper boundary of the great wing of the pelvis.
Crista iliaca

The iliac crest — the curved superior edge of the ilium — is the upper boundary of the great wing of the pelvis.
Linea arcuata

The iliac crest — the curved superior edge of the ilium — is the upper boundary of the great wing of the pelvis.
Facies auricularis

The iliac crest — the curved superior edge of the ilium — is the upper boundary of the great wing of the pelvis.
I find it difficult to answer

The iliac crest — the curved superior edge of the ilium — is the upper boundary of the great wing of the pelvis.

9. What is the name of the foramen formed by the greater sciatic notch and the sacrospinous ligament?

Foramen obturatum

The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the greater sciatic notch of the ilium and the sacrospinous ligament. The lesser sciatic foramen is bounded by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous ligament.
Foramen ischiadicum minus

The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the greater sciatic notch of the ilium and the sacrospinous ligament. The lesser sciatic foramen is bounded by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous ligament.
Foramen ischiadicum majus

The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the greater sciatic notch of the ilium and the sacrospinous ligament. The lesser sciatic foramen is bounded by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous ligament.
Canalis pudendalis

The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the greater sciatic notch of the ilium and the sacrospinous ligament. The lesser sciatic foramen is bounded by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous ligament.
I find it difficult to answer

The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the greater sciatic notch of the ilium and the sacrospinous ligament. The lesser sciatic foramen is bounded by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous ligament.

10. Where is the pubic tubercle located?

On the superior pubic ramus, at the medial end of the pubic crest

The pubic tubercle is located on the superior pubic ramus at the medial end of the pecten ossis pubis. It is an important anatomical landmark where the medial part of the inguinal ligament attaches.
On the inferior pubic ramus

The pubic tubercle is located on the superior pubic ramus at the medial end of the pecten ossis pubis. It is an important anatomical landmark where the medial part of the inguinal ligament attaches.
On the body of the ilium

The pubic tubercle is located on the superior pubic ramus at the medial end of the pecten ossis pubis. It is an important anatomical landmark where the medial part of the inguinal ligament attaches.
On the crista iliaca

The pubic tubercle is located on the superior pubic ramus at the medial end of the pecten ossis pubis. It is an important anatomical landmark where the medial part of the inguinal ligament attaches.
I find it difficult to answer

The pubic tubercle is located on the superior pubic ramus at the medial end of the pecten ossis pubis. It is an important anatomical landmark where the medial part of the inguinal ligament attaches.

11. What is the incisura acetabuli?

The fossa in the center of the acetabulum

The incisura acetabuli is a notch on the inferior part of the acetabular margin. It allows for passage of blood vessels supplying the head of the femur and the attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris. It is covered by the transverse acetabular ligament.
A notch in the lower part of the acetabular margin through which the ligamentum capitis femoris passes

The incisura acetabuli is a notch on the inferior part of the acetabular margin. It allows for passage of blood vessels supplying the head of the femur and the attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris. It is covered by the transverse acetabular ligament.
The anterior edge of the acetabulum

The incisura acetabuli is a notch on the inferior part of the acetabular margin. It allows for passage of blood vessels supplying the head of the femur and the attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris. It is covered by the transverse acetabular ligament.
The articular surface of the acetabulum

The incisura acetabuli is a notch on the inferior part of the acetabular margin. It allows for passage of blood vessels supplying the head of the femur and the attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris. It is covered by the transverse acetabular ligament.
I find it difficult to answer

The incisura acetabuli is a notch on the inferior part of the acetabular margin. It allows for passage of blood vessels supplying the head of the femur and the attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris. It is covered by the transverse acetabular ligament.

12. Which element of the sacrum contributes to the formation of the linea terminalis?

Crista sacralis mediana

The promontory of the sacrum — the forward-projecting upper edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra — serves as the starting point of the linea terminalis. It serves as an important obstetric landmark for measuring the diagonal conjugate.
Promontory

The promontory of the sacrum — the forward-projecting upper edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra — serves as the starting point of the linea terminalis. It serves as an important obstetric landmark for measuring the diagonal conjugate.
Hiatus sacralis

The promontory of the sacrum — the forward-projecting upper edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra — serves as the starting point of the linea terminalis. It serves as an important obstetric landmark for measuring the diagonal conjugate.
Cornua sacralia

The promontory of the sacrum — the forward-projecting upper edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra — serves as the starting point of the linea terminalis. It serves as an important obstetric landmark for measuring the diagonal conjugate.
I find it difficult to answer

The promontory of the sacrum — the forward-projecting upper edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra — serves as the starting point of the linea terminalis. It serves as an important obstetric landmark for measuring the diagonal conjugate.

13. Which of the sacral foramina opens on its pelvic (anterior) surface?

Foramina sacralia posteriora

The pelvic (anterior) sacral foramina — foramina sacralia anteriora (pelvica) — are located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum. The anterior branches of the sacral nerves exit through them. The posterior sacral foramina (foramina sacralia posteriora) open on the dorsal surface.
Canalis sacralis

The pelvic (anterior) sacral foramina — foramina sacralia anteriora (pelvica) — are located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum. The anterior branches of the sacral nerves exit through them. The posterior sacral foramina (foramina sacralia posteriora) open on the dorsal surface.
Foramina sacralia anteriora (pelvica)

The pelvic (anterior) sacral foramina — foramina sacralia anteriora (pelvica) — are located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum. The anterior branches of the sacral nerves exit through them. The posterior sacral foramina (foramina sacralia posteriora) open on the dorsal surface.
Hiatus sacralis

The pelvic (anterior) sacral foramina — foramina sacralia anteriora (pelvica) — are located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum. The anterior branches of the sacral nerves exit through them. The posterior sacral foramina (foramina sacralia posteriora) open on the dorsal surface.
I find it difficult to answer

The pelvic (anterior) sacral foramina — foramina sacralia anteriora (pelvica) — are located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum. The anterior branches of the sacral nerves exit through them. The posterior sacral foramina (foramina sacralia posteriora) open on the dorsal surface.

14. What forms the pelvic outlet?

Linea terminalis.

The pelvic outlet is bounded by the following: anteriorly – by the inferior edge of the symphysis, laterally – by the inferior pubic and ischial rami and ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly – by the sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx.
Pubic symphysis, inferior pubic and ischial rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and coccyx

The pelvic outlet is bounded by the following: anteriorly – by the inferior edge of the symphysis, laterally – by the inferior pubic and ischial rami and ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly – by the sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx.
Sacrum and ilium

The pelvic outlet is bounded by the following: anteriorly – by the inferior edge of the symphysis, laterally – by the inferior pubic and ischial rami and ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly – by the sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx.
Pubic rami and obturator foramina

The pelvic outlet is bounded by the following: anteriorly – by the inferior edge of the symphysis, laterally – by the inferior pubic and ischial rami and ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly – by the sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx.
I find it difficult to answer

The pelvic outlet is bounded by the following: anteriorly – by the inferior edge of the symphysis, laterally – by the inferior pubic and ischial rami and ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly – by the sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx.

15. What is the name of the angle formed by the inferior branches of the pubic bones in men?

Arcus pubicus

In men, the angle between the inferior branches of the pubic bones is called the angulus subpubicus and is approximately 70–75°. In females, it is more obtuse (90–100°) and is known as the arcus pubicus. It is one of the sexual dimorphism indicators of the pelvis.
Angulus subpubicus

In men, the angle between the inferior branches of the pubic bones is called the angulus subpubicus and is approximately 70–75°. In females, it is more obtuse (90–100°) and is known as the arcus pubicus. It is one of the sexual dimorphism indicators of the pelvis.
Arcus ischiadicus

In men, the angle between the inferior branches of the pubic bones is called the angulus subpubicus and is approximately 70–75°. In females, it is more obtuse (90–100°) and is known as the arcus pubicus. It is one of the sexual dimorphism indicators of the pelvis.
Angulus pubicus

In men, the angle between the inferior branches of the pubic bones is called the angulus subpubicus and is approximately 70–75°. In females, it is more obtuse (90–100°) and is known as the arcus pubicus. It is one of the sexual dimorphism indicators of the pelvis.
I find it difficult to answer

In men, the angle between the inferior branches of the pubic bones is called the angulus subpubicus and is approximately 70–75°. In females, it is more obtuse (90–100°) and is known as the arcus pubicus. It is one of the sexual dimorphism indicators of the pelvis.

16. Where is the ischial spine located?

On the body of the ilium above the acetabulum

The ischial spine is a pointed projection on the posterior edge of the ischial body, located between the greater sciatic notch (above) and the lesser sciatic notch (below). The sacrospinous ligament is attached to it.
On the posterior edge of the body of the ischium between the greater and lesser sciatic notches

The ischial spine is a pointed projection on the posterior edge of the ischial body, located between the greater sciatic notch (above) and the lesser sciatic notch (below). The sacrospinous ligament is attached to it.
On the inferior ramus of the ischium

The ischial spine is a pointed projection on the posterior edge of the ischial body, located between the greater sciatic notch (above) and the lesser sciatic notch (below). The sacrospinous ligament is attached to it.
On the sacrum

The ischial spine is a pointed projection on the posterior edge of the ischial body, located between the greater sciatic notch (above) and the lesser sciatic notch (below). The sacrospinous ligament is attached to it.
I find it difficult to answer

The ischial spine is a pointed projection on the posterior edge of the ischial body, located between the greater sciatic notch (above) and the lesser sciatic notch (below). The sacrospinous ligament is attached to it.

17. Which line delineates the gluteal surface and the iliac surface of the ilium's wing from the outer side?

Linea arcuata

On the gluteal surface of the ilium, there are three gluteal lines: anterior gluteal line, posterior and inferior. They delimit the zones of origin for the three gluteal muscles. Linea arcuata is located on the inner surface of the bone.
Linea glutealis anterior

On the gluteal surface of the ilium, there are three gluteal lines: anterior gluteal line, posterior and inferior. They delimit the zones of origin for the three gluteal muscles. Linea arcuata is located on the inner surface of the bone.
Linea terminalis.

On the gluteal surface of the ilium, there are three gluteal lines: anterior gluteal line, posterior and inferior. They delimit the zones of origin for the three gluteal muscles. Linea arcuata is located on the inner surface of the bone.
Linea aspera.

On the gluteal surface of the ilium, there are three gluteal lines: anterior gluteal line, posterior and inferior. They delimit the zones of origin for the three gluteal muscles. Linea arcuata is located on the inner surface of the bone.
I find it difficult to answer

On the gluteal surface of the ilium, there are three gluteal lines: anterior gluteal line, posterior and inferior. They delimit the zones of origin for the three gluteal muscles. Linea arcuata is located on the inner surface of the bone.

18. What is the pecten ossis pubis?

Lower edge of the symphysis

The pecten ossis pubis (pubic crest) is a sharp crest on the superior pubic ramus, extending medially into the pubic tubercle and laterally into the arcuate line of the ilium. It is part of the linea terminalis.
The crest of the superior pubic ramus, which is part of the linea terminalis

The pecten ossis pubis (pubic crest) is a sharp crest on the superior pubic ramus, extending medially into the pubic tubercle and laterally into the arcuate line of the ilium. It is part of the linea terminalis.
Articular surface of the pubic bone

The pecten ossis pubis (pubic crest) is a sharp crest on the superior pubic ramus, extending medially into the pubic tubercle and laterally into the arcuate line of the ilium. It is part of the linea terminalis.
Outer crest of the ilium

The pecten ossis pubis (pubic crest) is a sharp crest on the superior pubic ramus, extending medially into the pubic tubercle and laterally into the arcuate line of the ilium. It is part of the linea terminalis.
I find it difficult to answer

The pecten ossis pubis (pubic crest) is a sharp crest on the superior pubic ramus, extending medially into the pubic tubercle and laterally into the arcuate line of the ilium. It is part of the linea terminalis.

19. Which structure of the pelvis is the origin of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Crista iliaca

The rectus abdominis muscle originates from the pubic crest and the pubic tubercle, i.e. from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis. This is a direct relationship between the muscle and the bones of the pelvic girdle.
Spina iliaca anterior superior

The rectus abdominis muscle originates from the pubic crest and the pubic tubercle, i.e. from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis. This is a direct relationship between the muscle and the bones of the pelvic girdle.
Symphysis pubica (crista and tuberculum ossis pubis)

The rectus abdominis muscle originates from the pubic crest and the pubic tubercle, i.e. from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis. This is a direct relationship between the muscle and the bones of the pelvic girdle.
Linea arcuata

The rectus abdominis muscle originates from the pubic crest and the pubic tubercle, i.e. from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis. This is a direct relationship between the muscle and the bones of the pelvic girdle.
I find it difficult to answer

The rectus abdominis muscle originates from the pubic crest and the pubic tubercle, i.e. from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis. This is a direct relationship between the muscle and the bones of the pelvic girdle.

20. Which of the listed dimensions is the true (obstetric) conjugate of the pelvis?

Distance between the anterior superior iliac spines

The true conjugate is the shortest distance from the promontory of the sacrum to the most prominent point of the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis, and is typically around 11 cm. This dimension determines the minimum anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet.
Distance from the promontory to the lower edge of the pubic symphysis

The true conjugate is the shortest distance from the promontory of the sacrum to the most prominent point of the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis, and is typically around 11 cm. This dimension determines the minimum anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet.
Distance between the ischial tuberosities

The true conjugate is the shortest distance from the promontory of the sacrum to the most prominent point of the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis, and is typically around 11 cm. This dimension determines the minimum anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet.
Distance between the iliac crests

The true conjugate is the shortest distance from the promontory of the sacrum to the most prominent point of the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis, and is typically around 11 cm. This dimension determines the minimum anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet.
I find it difficult to answer

The true conjugate is the shortest distance from the promontory of the sacrum to the most prominent point of the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis, and is typically around 11 cm. This dimension determines the minimum anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet.