Anatomy quizzes

Anatomy test of lower limbs

Assess your knowledge of normal anatomy of the lower limbs. The test covers the topography, muscles, vessels, and nerves of this body region.

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1. Which muscle performs flexion at the knee joint and extension at the hip?

Short head of biceps femoris

The long head of biceps femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity, crossing two joints, extending the thigh and flexing the leg.
Sartorius muscle.

The long head of biceps femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity, crossing two joints, extending the thigh and flexing the leg.
Semitendinosus muscle.

The long head of biceps femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity, crossing two joints, extending the thigh and flexing the leg.
Long head of biceps femoris

The long head of biceps femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity, crossing two joints, extending the thigh and flexing the leg.
I find it difficult to answer

The long head of biceps femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity, crossing two joints, extending the thigh and flexing the leg.

2. Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Femoral nerve.

The femoral nerve (n. femoralis) innervates the anterior group of thigh muscles, including the quadriceps and sartorius muscles.
Obturator nerve.

The femoral nerve (n. femoralis) innervates the anterior group of thigh muscles, including the quadriceps and sartorius muscles.
Sciatic nerve

The femoral nerve (n. femoralis) innervates the anterior group of thigh muscles, including the quadriceps and sartorius muscles.
Inferior gluteal nerve

The femoral nerve (n. femoralis) innervates the anterior group of thigh muscles, including the quadriceps and sartorius muscles.
I find it difficult to answer

The femoral nerve (n. femoralis) innervates the anterior group of thigh muscles, including the quadriceps and sartorius muscles.

3. Which artery passes through the adductor canal (canalis adductorius)?

Deep femoral artery

The femoral artery passes through Hunter's adductor canal to the posterior surface of the leg where it continues as the popliteal artery.
Obturator artery

The femoral artery passes through Hunter's adductor canal to the posterior surface of the leg where it continues as the popliteal artery.
Femoral artery

The femoral artery passes through Hunter's adductor canal to the posterior surface of the leg where it continues as the popliteal artery.
Popliteal artery

The femoral artery passes through Hunter's adductor canal to the posterior surface of the leg where it continues as the popliteal artery.
I find it difficult to answer

The femoral artery passes through Hunter's adductor canal to the posterior surface of the leg where it continues as the popliteal artery.

4. Which muscle is the most powerful flexor of the hip joint?

Rectus femoris

Iliopsoas muscle (m. iliopsoas) is the chief and strongest flexor of the hip joint.
Iliopsoas muscle

Iliopsoas muscle (m. iliopsoas) is the chief and strongest flexor of the hip joint.
Pectineus muscle

Iliopsoas muscle (m. iliopsoas) is the chief and strongest flexor of the hip joint.
Tensor fasciae latae

Iliopsoas muscle (m. iliopsoas) is the chief and strongest flexor of the hip joint.
I find it difficult to answer

Iliopsoas muscle (m. iliopsoas) is the chief and strongest flexor of the hip joint.

5. Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Tibial nerve

The deep fibular nerve (n. fibularis profundus) provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.
Superficial fibular nerve

The deep fibular nerve (n. fibularis profundus) provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.
Deep fibular nerve

The deep fibular nerve (n. fibularis profundus) provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.
Sural nerve

The deep fibular nerve (n. fibularis profundus) provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.
I find it difficult to answer

The deep fibular nerve (n. fibularis profundus) provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.

6. What structure passes through the muscular lacuna (lacuna musculorum)?

Femoral vein

The muscular lacuna transmits m. iliopsoas and n. femoralis, while vessels pass through the vascular lacuna.
Femoral artery

The muscular lacuna transmits m. iliopsoas and n. femoralis, while vessels pass through the vascular lacuna.
Pectineus muscle

The muscular lacuna transmits m. iliopsoas and n. femoralis, while vessels pass through the vascular lacuna.
Iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve

The muscular lacuna transmits m. iliopsoas and n. femoralis, while vessels pass through the vascular lacuna.
I find it difficult to answer

The muscular lacuna transmits m. iliopsoas and n. femoralis, while vessels pass through the vascular lacuna.

7. Into which vein does the great saphenous vein of the leg (v. saphena magna) directly drain?

Femoral vein

The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening and drains directly into the femoral vein.
Popliteal vein

The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening and drains directly into the femoral vein.
External iliac vein

The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening and drains directly into the femoral vein.
Deep femoral vein

The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening and drains directly into the femoral vein.
I find it difficult to answer

The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening and drains directly into the femoral vein.

8. With which bone does the tibia articulate distally?

Cuboid bone

The distal end of the tibia forms an articular surface for articulation with the talus.
Calcaneus

The distal end of the tibia forms an articular surface for articulation with the talus.
Talus

The distal end of the tibia forms an articular surface for articulation with the talus.
Navicular bone

The distal end of the tibia forms an articular surface for articulation with the talus.
I find it difficult to answer

The distal end of the tibia forms an articular surface for articulation with the talus.

9. Which muscle 'unlocks' the knee joint by externally rotating the thigh?

Plantar muscle

The popliteus muscle (m. popliteus) initiates knee flexion by rotating and 'unlocking' it.
Popliteal muscle

The popliteus muscle (m. popliteus) initiates knee flexion by rotating and 'unlocking' it.
Soleus muscle

The popliteus muscle (m. popliteus) initiates knee flexion by rotating and 'unlocking' it.
Flexor digitorum longus

The popliteus muscle (m. popliteus) initiates knee flexion by rotating and 'unlocking' it.
I find it difficult to answer

The popliteus muscle (m. popliteus) initiates knee flexion by rotating and 'unlocking' it.

10. Which vessel is the main source of blood supply to the head of the femur in adults?

Lateral circumflex femoral artery

The medial circumflex femoral artery gives off the primary branches penetrating the neck and head of the femur in adults.
Obturator artery

The medial circumflex femoral artery gives off the primary branches penetrating the neck and head of the femur in adults.
Inferior gluteal artery

The medial circumflex femoral artery gives off the primary branches penetrating the neck and head of the femur in adults.
Medial circumflex femoral artery

The medial circumflex femoral artery gives off the primary branches penetrating the neck and head of the femur in adults.
I find it difficult to answer

The medial circumflex femoral artery gives off the primary branches penetrating the neck and head of the femur in adults.

11. Where does the sciatic nerve typically divide into its two main branches?

At the upper angle of the popliteal fossa

In typical cases, the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves at the summit of the popliteal fossa.
In the infrapiriform foramen region

In typical cases, the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves at the summit of the popliteal fossa.
In the adductor canal

In typical cases, the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves at the summit of the popliteal fossa.
At the level of the neck of the fibula

In typical cases, the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves at the summit of the popliteal fossa.
I find it difficult to answer

In typical cases, the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves at the summit of the popliteal fossa.

12. Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur?

Posterior cruciate ligament

The anterior cruciate ligament (lig. cruciatum anterius) restricts the anterior displacement ('drawer sign') of the tibia.
Anterior cruciate ligament

The anterior cruciate ligament (lig. cruciatum anterius) restricts the anterior displacement ('drawer sign') of the tibia.
Tibial collateral ligament

The anterior cruciate ligament (lig. cruciatum anterius) restricts the anterior displacement ('drawer sign') of the tibia.
Fibular collateral ligament

The anterior cruciate ligament (lig. cruciatum anterius) restricts the anterior displacement ('drawer sign') of the tibia.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior cruciate ligament (lig. cruciatum anterius) restricts the anterior displacement ('drawer sign') of the tibia.

13. Which muscle attaches to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone?

Fibularis longus muscle.

The tendon of fibularis brevis muscle (m. fibularis brevis) attaches to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone.
Fibularis tertius muscle.

The tendon of fibularis brevis muscle (m. fibularis brevis) attaches to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone.
Fibularis brevis muscle.

The tendon of fibularis brevis muscle (m. fibularis brevis) attaches to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone.
Tibialis posterior muscle.

The tendon of fibularis brevis muscle (m. fibularis brevis) attaches to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone.
I find it difficult to answer

The tendon of fibularis brevis muscle (m. fibularis brevis) attaches to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone.

14. Which nerve provides innervation to the posterior group of leg muscles?

Tibial nerve

The tibial nerve (n. tibialis) innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment (flexors) of the leg.
Deep fibular nerve

The tibial nerve (n. tibialis) innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment (flexors) of the leg.
Sural nerve.

The tibial nerve (n. tibialis) innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment (flexors) of the leg.
Common fibular nerve

The tibial nerve (n. tibialis) innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment (flexors) of the leg.
I find it difficult to answer

The tibial nerve (n. tibialis) innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment (flexors) of the leg.

15. The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct continuation of which artery?

Fibular artery

The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery after crossing the ankle joint.
Posterior tibial artery

The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery after crossing the ankle joint.
Popliteal artery

The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery after crossing the ankle joint.
Anterior tibial artery

The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery after crossing the ankle joint.
I find it difficult to answer

The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery after crossing the ankle joint.

16. Which of the following muscles belongs to the medial group of thigh muscles?

Semimembranosus muscle

The gracilis muscle (m. gracilis) is superficially positioned on the medial side of the thigh and belongs to the group of adductor muscles.
Gracilis muscle

The gracilis muscle (m. gracilis) is superficially positioned on the medial side of the thigh and belongs to the group of adductor muscles.
Sartorius muscle

The gracilis muscle (m. gracilis) is superficially positioned on the medial side of the thigh and belongs to the group of adductor muscles.
Biceps femoris muscle

The gracilis muscle (m. gracilis) is superficially positioned on the medial side of the thigh and belongs to the group of adductor muscles.
I find it difficult to answer

The gracilis muscle (m. gracilis) is superficially positioned on the medial side of the thigh and belongs to the group of adductor muscles.

17. Which structures exit the pelvic cavity through the suprapiriform foramen (foramen suprapiriforme)?

Inferior gluteal vessels and nerve

Through the foramen suprapiriforme pass the a., v., and n. glutei superiores, supplying and innervating the upper parts of the gluteal region.
Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

Through the foramen suprapiriforme pass the a., v., and n. glutei superiores, supplying and innervating the upper parts of the gluteal region.
Superior gluteal vessels and nerve

Through the foramen suprapiriforme pass the a., v., and n. glutei superiores, supplying and innervating the upper parts of the gluteal region.
Sciatic nerve

Through the foramen suprapiriforme pass the a., v., and n. glutei superiores, supplying and innervating the upper parts of the gluteal region.
I find it difficult to answer

Through the foramen suprapiriforme pass the a., v., and n. glutei superiores, supplying and innervating the upper parts of the gluteal region.

18. On which bone is the medial malleolus (malleolus medialis) located?

Fibula

The medial malleolus is the bony protuberance of the distal epiphysis of the tibia.
Talus

The medial malleolus is the bony protuberance of the distal epiphysis of the tibia.
Calcaneus

The medial malleolus is the bony protuberance of the distal epiphysis of the tibia.
Tibia

The medial malleolus is the bony protuberance of the distal epiphysis of the tibia.
I find it difficult to answer

The medial malleolus is the bony protuberance of the distal epiphysis of the tibia.

19. Which muscle performs dorsal flexion and supination (inversion) of the foot?

Tibialis anterior muscle

The tibialis anterior (m. tibialis anterior) elevates (dorsiflexes) and supinates the medial edge of the foot.
Extensor digitorum longus

The tibialis anterior (m. tibialis anterior) elevates (dorsiflexes) and supinates the medial edge of the foot.
Fibularis longus muscle

The tibialis anterior (m. tibialis anterior) elevates (dorsiflexes) and supinates the medial edge of the foot.
Fibularis tertius muscle

The tibialis anterior (m. tibialis anterior) elevates (dorsiflexes) and supinates the medial edge of the foot.
I find it difficult to answer

The tibialis anterior (m. tibialis anterior) elevates (dorsiflexes) and supinates the medial edge of the foot.

20. Behind which structure does the small saphenous vein of the leg (v. saphena parva) pass?

Medial malleolus

The small saphenous vein curves around the lateral malleolus posteriorly and ascends along the posterior surface of the leg.
Lateral malleolus

The small saphenous vein curves around the lateral malleolus posteriorly and ascends along the posterior surface of the leg.
Medial condyle of the tibia

The small saphenous vein curves around the lateral malleolus posteriorly and ascends along the posterior surface of the leg.
Tibial tuberosity

The small saphenous vein curves around the lateral malleolus posteriorly and ascends along the posterior surface of the leg.
I find it difficult to answer

The small saphenous vein curves around the lateral malleolus posteriorly and ascends along the posterior surface of the leg.