{"id":8436,"date":"2026-10-22T16:36:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/invasao\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:36:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:56","slug":"invasao","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/invasao\/","title":{"rendered":"Invas\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Invas\u00e3o (do lat. <em>invasio<\/em> \u2014 penetra\u00e7\u00e3o, irrup\u00e7\u00e3o) \u00e9 um termo m\u00e9dico que designa o processo de penetra\u00e7\u00e3o, fixa\u00e7\u00e3o e subsequente parasitismo de protozo\u00e1rios ou helmintos no organismo humano.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O termo difere do conceito de \u00abinfec\u00e7\u00e3o\u00bb, geralmente aplicado a bact\u00e9rias, v\u00edrus e fungos.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os mecanismos de invas\u00e3o s\u00e3o diversos e dependem da esp\u00e9cie do parasita. A infesta\u00e7\u00e3o pode ocorrer por duas vias principais:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ativa (percut\u00e2nea, isto \u00e9, transcut\u00e2nea)<\/strong> \u2014 as larvas perfuram fisicamente a pele \u00edntegra durante o contato com solo ou \u00e1gua contaminados (como na ancilostom\u00edase ou na esquistossomose);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>passiva (alimentar)<\/strong> \u2014 ocorre mediante a ingest\u00e3o de cistos de protozo\u00e1rios (gi\u00e1rdias), ovos de helmintos (por exemplo, \u00e1scaris) ou suas larvas (por exemplo, triquinelas, t\u00eania su\u00edna) juntamente com vegetais n\u00e3o lavados, \u00e1gua n\u00e3o tratada ou carne submetida a tratamento t\u00e9rmico insuficiente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ap\u00f3s penetrar no organismo, o parasita utiliza um arsenal de mecanismos de evas\u00e3o da resposta imune do hospedeiro. As formas infectantes dos helmintos s\u00e3o revestidas por uma cut\u00edcula protetora espessa, resistente \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o de enzimas digestivas e anticorpos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alguns helmintos s\u00e3o capazes de mimetismo antig\u00eanico: modificam sua estrutura antig\u00eanica, adquirindo receptores semelhantes aos receptores humanos, e tornam-se \u00abinvis\u00edveis\u00bb para os leuc\u00f3citos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A fisiopatologia da invas\u00e3o \u00e9 constitu\u00edda por v\u00e1rios fatores:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>les\u00e3o mec\u00e2nica dos tecidos<\/strong> \u2014 fixa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 parede intestinal, penetra\u00e7\u00e3o em \u00f3rg\u00e3os-alvo (m\u00fasculos, f\u00edgado, olho, c\u00e9rebro);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>absor\u00e7\u00e3o dos nutrientes do hospedeiro<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>rea\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00f3xico-al\u00e9rgica<\/strong> \u2014 aos produtos metab\u00f3licos do parasita.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As invas\u00f5es parasit\u00e1rias frequentemente apresentam curso assintom\u00e1tico ou mimetizam diversas doen\u00e7as, dependendo do \u00f3rg\u00e3o acometido. Manifestam-se mais frequentemente por sintomas do trato gastrointestinal, das vias respirat\u00f3rias ou por alergia do tipo urtic\u00e1ria.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um marcador laboratorial frequente da invas\u00e3o tecidual por helmintos \u00e9 a eosinofilia persistente (aumento do n\u00edvel de eosin\u00f3filos no sangue) e, menos frequentemente, a anemia (redu\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00edvel de hemoglobina).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os seguintes m\u00e9todos s\u00e3o utilizados para o diagn\u00f3stico de invas\u00f5es:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>testes sorol\u00f3gicos espec\u00edficos (ELISA) <\/strong>\u2014 s\u00e3o realizados para detectar anticorpos contra parasitas (equinococo, toxocara, triquinela); nesse contexto, a bi\u00f3psia tecidual geralmente \u00e9 pouco informativa;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>microscopia das fezes com aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e9todos de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> \u2014 \u00e9 utilizada para o diagn\u00f3stico de trofozo\u00edtos e cistos de gi\u00e1rdia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O tratamento das invas\u00f5es parasit\u00e1rias \u00e9 realizado com medicamentos antiparasit\u00e1rios. Sua a\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser direcionada para:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>interfer\u00eancia na transmiss\u00e3o neuromuscular dos vermes<\/strong> \u2014 causa sua paralisia;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>inibi\u00e7\u00e3o da s\u00edntese e dano \u00e0 estrutura do DNA dos agentes etiol\u00f3gicos<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>destrui\u00e7\u00e3o das membranas celulares do parasita<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Invas\u00e3o (do lat. <em>invasio<\/em> \u2014 penetra\u00e7\u00e3o, irrup\u00e7\u00e3o) \u00e9 um termo m\u00e9dico que designa o processo de penetra\u00e7\u00e3o, fixa\u00e7\u00e3o e subsequente parasitismo de protozo\u00e1rios ou helmintos no organismo humano. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8436","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO 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