{"id":8415,"date":"2026-10-22T16:36:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/mononucleares-atipicos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:36:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:37","slug":"mononucleares-atipicos","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/mononucleares-atipicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Mononucleares at\u00edpicos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mononucleares at\u00edpicos (do grego a-<\/em> \u2014 nega\u00e7\u00e3o, typos<\/em> \u2014 modelo, monos<\/em> \u2014 um e do latim nucleus<\/em> \u2014 n\u00facleo) s\u00e3o c\u00e9lulas brancas do sangue (linf\u00f3citos T ativados) grandes, de formato arredondado ou irregular e morfologicamente alteradas, que aparecem em grande quantidade na circula\u00e7\u00e3o sangu\u00ednea perif\u00e9rica em resposta a uma infec\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

A presen\u00e7a de mononucleares at\u00edpicos \u00e9 o crit\u00e9rio diagn\u00f3stico mais comum da mononucleose infecciosa causada pelo v\u00edrus Epstein\u2013Barr. No entanto, eles tamb\u00e9m podem ocorrer em outras doen\u00e7as virais e, ocasionalmente, em infec\u00e7\u00f5es bacterianas ou parasit\u00e1rias, portanto n\u00e3o constituem um sinal espec\u00edfico de mononucleose infecciosa.<\/p>\n\n

Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/h2>\n\n

A patog\u00eanese do aparecimento dessas c\u00e9lulas reflete uma guerra de grandes propor\u00e7\u00f5es no interior do sistema imunol\u00f3gico. Quando o v\u00edrus Epstein\u2013Barr penetra no organismo, infecta predominantemente os linf\u00f3citos B.<\/p>\n\n

Em resposta, a parte saud\u00e1vel do sistema imunol\u00f3gico envia um ex\u00e9rcito de linf\u00f3citos T citot\u00f3xicos (c\u00e9lulas CD8+) para combater as c\u00e9lulas infectadas.<\/p>\n\n

Durante essa rea\u00e7\u00e3o aguda, os linf\u00f3citos T entram em um estado de hiperativa\u00e7\u00e3o. Eles se transformam fisicamente:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • aumentam significativamente de tamanho;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • seu citoplasma torna-se amplo;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • o n\u00facleo adquire aspecto frouxo e formato pregueado ou reniforme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Ao microsc\u00f3pio, essas c\u00e9lulas citot\u00f3xicas ativadas perdem o aspecto cl\u00e1ssico de um linf\u00f3cito comum, raz\u00e3o pela qual os hematologistas as denominaram at\u00edpicas.<\/p>\n\n

    Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n\n

    A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de mononucleares at\u00edpicos \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo r\u00e1pido e de baixo custo para o diagn\u00f3stico da mononucleose infecciosa. O m\u00e9dico especialista em diagn\u00f3stico laboratorial realiza a contagem visual dessas c\u00e9lulas durante o exame do hemograma completo (na contagem diferencial de leuc\u00f3citos).<\/p>\n\n

    Em uma pessoa saud\u00e1vel, essas c\u00e9lulas est\u00e3o praticamente ausentes do sangue. Se, na presen\u00e7a de febre, faringite e aumento dos linfonodos, a propor\u00e7\u00e3o de mononucleares at\u00edpicos no sangue estiver elevada, pode-se considerar o diagn\u00f3stico de mononucleose infecciosa.<\/p>\n\n

    \u00c0 medida que ocorre a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e os linf\u00f3citos B infectados s\u00e3o destru\u00eddos, a hiperatividade das c\u00e9lulas T diminui, e os mononucleares at\u00edpicos desaparecem da circula\u00e7\u00e3o sangu\u00ednea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mononucleares at\u00edpicos (do grego a-<\/em> \u2014 nega\u00e7\u00e3o, typos<\/em> \u2014 modelo, monos<\/em> \u2014 um e do latim nucleus<\/em> \u2014 n\u00facleo) s\u00e3o c\u00e9lulas brancas do sangue (linf\u00f3citos T ativados) grandes, de formato arredondado ou irregular e morfologicamente alteradas, que aparecem em grande quantidade na circula\u00e7\u00e3o sangu\u00ednea perif\u00e9rica em resposta a uma infec\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8415","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMononucleares at\u00edpicos: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mononucleares at\u00edpicos (do grego a- \u2014 nega\u00e7\u00e3o, typos \u2014 modelo, monos \u2014 um e do latim nucleus \u2014 n\u00facleo) s\u00e3o c\u00e9lulas brancas do sangue (linf\u00f3citos T ativados) grandes, de formato arredondado 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