{"id":8380,"date":"2026-09-17T15:54:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:54:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/imunidade-adquirida\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:38:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:38:51","slug":"imunidade-adquirida","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/imunidade-adquirida\/","title":{"rendered":"Imunidade adquirida"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A imunidade adquirida (do lat. <em>immunitas<\/em> \u2014 insuscetibilidade) \u00e9 uma forma altamente espec\u00edfica de defesa imunol\u00f3gica do organismo. Ela n\u00e3o \u00e9 inata.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esse sistema se forma ao longo da vida ap\u00f3s o contato direto com ant\u00edgenos estranhos espec\u00edficos (em decorr\u00eancia de uma infec\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9via ou vacina\u00e7\u00e3o) ou mediante a administra\u00e7\u00e3o de anticorpos prontos ao indiv\u00edduo.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ao contr\u00e1rio da imunidade inata, que atua imediatamente, mas responde da mesma forma a todas as amea\u00e7as, a imunidade adquirida requer dias ou semanas para ser ativada. Seu funcionamento \u00e9 assegurado por dois tipos principais de c\u00e9lulas:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>linf\u00f3citos T<\/strong> \u2014 imunidade celular, que destr\u00f3i as c\u00e9lulas infectadas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>linf\u00f3citos B<\/strong> \u2014 imunidade humoral, que produz anticorpos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma propriedade fundamental da imunidade adquirida \u00e9 a mem\u00f3ria imunol\u00f3gica. Ap\u00f3s a supress\u00e3o da infec\u00e7\u00e3o, a maior parte das c\u00e9lulas imunes que a combateram morre. No entanto, uma pequena fra\u00e7\u00e3o delas se transforma em c\u00e9lulas T e B de mem\u00f3ria. Elas entram em um \u00abestado de dorm\u00eancia\u00bb e patrulham o organismo durante anos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se o mesmo pat\u00f3geno tentar penetrar novamente no organismo, as c\u00e9lulas de mem\u00f3ria ser\u00e3o ativadas imediatamente e desencadear\u00e3o uma resposta em grande escala antes mesmo do aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas da doen\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O conceito de imunidade adquirida constitui a base de toda a infectologia. Ela proporciona insuscetibilidade \u00e0 reinfec\u00e7\u00e3o por muitas doen\u00e7as (varicela, sarampo e rub\u00e9ola).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na medicina, a imunidade adquirida \u00e9 dividida em ativa e passiva:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>imunidade ativa<\/strong> \u2014 \u00e9 produzida pelo pr\u00f3prio organismo ap\u00f3s uma doen\u00e7a ou a administra\u00e7\u00e3o de uma vacina. Ela leva mais tempo para se formar, mas protege durante anos;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>imunidade passiva<\/strong> \u2014 surge com a administra\u00e7\u00e3o de anticorpos prontos provenientes de doadores (por exemplo, soro antitet\u00e2nico ou antirr\u00e1bico) ou com a transfer\u00eancia de anticorpos da m\u00e3e para o feto atrav\u00e9s da placenta. A imunidade passiva atua imediatamente, salvando vidas em situa\u00e7\u00f5es de emerg\u00eancia, mas desaparece ap\u00f3s alguns meses, sem deixar mem\u00f3ria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A imunidade adquirida (do lat. <em>immunitas<\/em> \u2014 insuscetibilidade) \u00e9 uma forma altamente espec\u00edfica de defesa imunol\u00f3gica do organismo. Ela n\u00e3o \u00e9 inata.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8380","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Imunidade adquirida: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A imunidade adquirida (do lat. immunitas \u2014 insuscetibilidade) \u00e9 uma forma altamente espec\u00edfica de defesa imunol\u00f3gica do organismo. 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