{"id":8373,"date":"2026-09-17T15:54:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/reacao-cadeia-polimerase\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:39:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:39:00","slug":"reacao-cadeia-polimerase","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/reacao-cadeia-polimerase\/","title":{"rendered":"Rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase, PCR (do grego <em>polymeres<\/em> \u2014 constitu\u00eddo por muitas partes), \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo de biologia molecular de alta precis\u00e3o que permite detectar, em material biol\u00f3gico (sangue, saliva, esfrega\u00e7o), at\u00e9 mesmo fragmentos isolados do material gen\u00e9tico (DNA ou RNA) de um agente infeccioso espec\u00edfico.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O mecanismo da PCR imita o processo natural de duplica\u00e7\u00e3o do DNA de uma c\u00e9lula viva, mas ocorre em um tubo de ensaio (em um termociclador). O processo consiste em ciclos t\u00e9rmicos repetidos:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a amostra \u00e9 aquecida a 95 \u00b0C para separar a dupla h\u00e9lice da mol\u00e9cula original de DNA em duas fitas simples (desnatura\u00e7\u00e3o);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a temperatura \u00e9 reduzida, e entram em a\u00e7\u00e3o os primers \u2014 marcadores curtos sintetizados artificialmente que \u201creconhecem\u201d uma regi\u00e3o \u00fanica do genoma do v\u00edrus pesquisado e se ligam a ela;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>uma enzima especial termoest\u00e1vel, a DNA polimerase, come\u00e7a a sintetizar a segunda fita, copiando o fragmento viral.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cada ciclo, a quantidade de DNA viral duplica. Ap\u00f3s 30\u201340 ciclos, uma \u00fanica mol\u00e9cula viral d\u00e1 origem a bilh\u00f5es de c\u00f3pias exatas, facilmente detectadas pelo sistema \u00f3ptico a laser do equipamento.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se o v\u00edrus contiver RNA (como os rotav\u00edrus ou os coronav\u00edrus), o processo ser\u00e1 precedido por uma etapa de transcri\u00e7\u00e3o reversa \u2014 a convers\u00e3o do RNA em DNA (RT-PCR).<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A PCR \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o-ouro para o diagn\u00f3stico de infec\u00e7\u00f5es agudas. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos testes de anticorpos, a PCR detecta n\u00e3o a rea\u00e7\u00e3o do organismo \u00e0 doen\u00e7a, mas o pr\u00f3prio agente infeccioso.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A detec\u00e7\u00e3o do pat\u00f3geno por PCR (resultado positivo) constitui evid\u00eancia de infec\u00e7\u00e3o ativa na presen\u00e7a dos sintomas correspondentes ou de viremia. O m\u00e9todo \u00e9 indispens\u00e1vel nos seguintes casos:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>durante o per\u00edodo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o ou nos primeiros dias da doen\u00e7a<\/strong> \u2014 quando os anticorpos ainda n\u00e3o foram produzidos;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>para a quantifica\u00e7\u00e3o da carga viral<\/strong> \u2014 por exemplo, na infec\u00e7\u00e3o pelo HIV ou nas hepatites virais (para determinar o grau de atividade da replica\u00e7\u00e3o viral e a efic\u00e1cia do tratamento).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase, PCR (do grego <em>polymeres<\/em> \u2014 constitu\u00eddo por muitas partes), \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo de biologia molecular de alta precis\u00e3o que permite detectar, em material biol\u00f3gico (sangue, saliva, esfrega\u00e7o), at\u00e9 mesmo fragmentos isolados do material gen\u00e9tico (DNA ou RNA) de um agente infeccioso espec\u00edfico.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8373","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase, PCR (do grego polymeres \u2014 constitu\u00eddo por muitas partes), \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo de biologia molecular de alta precis\u00e3o que permite detectar, em material biol\u00f3gico (sangue, saliva, esfrega\u00e7o), at\u00e9 mesmo fragmentos isolados do material gen\u00e9tico (DNA ou RNA) de um agente infeccioso espec\u00edfico.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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