{"id":8366,"date":"2026-09-17T15:54:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:54:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/neurotropismo\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:39:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:39:16","slug":"neurotropismo","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/neurotropismo\/","title":{"rendered":"Neurotropismo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neurotropismo (do grego <em>neuron<\/em> \u2014 nervo e <em>tropos<\/em> \u2014 dire\u00e7\u00e3o, propriedade) \u00e9 a capacidade biol\u00f3gica espec\u00edfica de alguns v\u00edrus e bact\u00e9rias de lesar e infectar seletivamente as c\u00e9lulas dos sistemas nervosos central e perif\u00e9rico (neur\u00f4nios e c\u00e9lulas gliais) e sobreviver em seu interior.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O C\u00e9rebro humano \u00e9 protegido por um poderoso escudo fisiol\u00f3gico, a barreira hematoencef\u00e1lica (BHE), que impede a passagem da maioria das toxinas e dos microrganismos presentes no sangue.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os v\u00edrus que infectam as c\u00e9lulas nervosas s\u00e3o denominados neuroinvasivos, enquanto aqueles capazes de provocar doen\u00e7as do sistema nervoso s\u00e3o denominados neurovirulentos. Essas caracter\u00edsticas variam de um v\u00edrus para outro, podem ocorrer em conjunto e, por vezes, uma delas pode predominar.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os v\u00edrus neurotr\u00f3picos (v\u00edrus do herpes simples, v\u00edrus da raiva, enterov\u00edrus) desenvolveram evolutivamente mecanismos singulares para contornar essa prote\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>transporte axonal retr\u00f3grado<\/strong> \u2014 o v\u00edrus penetra em uma termina\u00e7\u00e3o nervosa na pele ou no m\u00fasculo (por exemplo, ap\u00f3s a mordedura de um animal). Em seguida, ele se liga a prote\u00ednas transportadoras espec\u00edficas no interior da fibra nervosa (ax\u00f4nio) e, como se estivesse sobre trilhos, desloca-se para cima, alcan\u00e7ando a medula espinhal e o C\u00e9rebro;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>penetra\u00e7\u00e3o pelo sangue<\/strong> \u2014 ap\u00f3s entrar no organismo, o poliov\u00edrus penetra no sangue, atravessa a BHE e lesa as c\u00e9lulas motoras dos cornos anteriores da medula espinhal e os n\u00facleos dos nervos cranianos;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>via do \u201ccavalo de Troia\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 o v\u00edrus (por exemplo, o coronav\u00edrus) penetra diretamente no tecido cerebral \u201csob prote\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, seja pelas fibras do nervo olfat\u00f3rio, seja no interior de c\u00e9lulas imunes (macr\u00f3fagos), que atravessam legitimamente a BHE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O neurotropismo determina a gravidade e a especificidade da doen\u00e7a. Ap\u00f3s penetrar no sistema nervoso, o agente etiol\u00f3gico pode causar inflama\u00e7\u00e3o aguda com destrui\u00e7\u00e3o celular (encefalite, meningite, poliomielite paral\u00edtica).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O v\u00edrus do herpes simples, que apresenta baixa neuroinvasividade, mas alta neurovirul\u00eancia, entra em estado de lat\u00eancia permanente nos g\u00e2nglios nervosos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algumas infec\u00e7\u00f5es causadas por v\u00edrus neurotr\u00f3picos caracterizam-se por alto risco de letalidade e d\u00e9ficit neurol\u00f3gico (sequelas neurol\u00f3gicas) ap\u00f3s a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neurotropismo (do grego <em>neuron<\/em> \u2014 nervo e <em>tropos<\/em> \u2014 dire\u00e7\u00e3o, propriedade) \u00e9 a capacidade biol\u00f3gica espec\u00edfica de alguns v\u00edrus e bact\u00e9rias de lesar e infectar seletivamente as c\u00e9lulas dos sistemas nervosos central e perif\u00e9rico (neur\u00f4nios e c\u00e9lulas gliais) e sobreviver em seu interior.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8366","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neurotropismo: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Neurotropismo (do grego neuron \u2014 nervo e tropos \u2014 dire\u00e7\u00e3o, propriedade) \u00e9 a capacidade biol\u00f3gica espec\u00edfica de alguns v\u00edrus e bact\u00e9rias de lesar e infectar seletivamente as c\u00e9lulas dos sistemas nervosos central e perif\u00e9rico (neur\u00f4nios e c\u00e9lulas gliais) e sobreviver em seu interior.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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