{"id":7303,"date":"2026-06-11T10:14:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T07:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/herpes-zoster\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:05:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:05:06","slug":"herpes-zoster","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/herpes-zoster\/","title":{"rendered":"Herpes-z\u00f3ster"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Herpes-z\u00f3ster (do grego zoster<\/em> \u2014 cintur\u00e3o) \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a viral caracterizada pelo aparecimento de erup\u00e7\u00f5es vesiculosas agrupadas e dolorosas na pele. <\/p>\n\n

Ele n\u00e3o surge por infec\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria, mas sim por reativa\u00e7\u00e3o local do v\u00edrus da varicela (Varicella-zoster virus<\/em>), que esteve dormente no organismo humano por anos.<\/p>\n\n

Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Na infec\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria (geralmente na inf\u00e2ncia), o v\u00edrus causa a catapora cl\u00e1ssica. Ap\u00f3s a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o, o agente n\u00e3o deixa o corpo. Ao longo das fibras nervosas, ele sobe e permanece permanentemente nos g\u00e2nglios sensoriais (g\u00e2nglios dorsais) ou nos n\u00facleos dos nervos cranianos. Ali, ele entra em estado latente (dormente), mantido sob controle pelas c\u00e9lulas do sistema imunol\u00f3gico.<\/p>\n\n

Com a idade (geralmente ap\u00f3s os 50 anos) ou em casos de diminui\u00e7\u00e3o das defesas do corpo, o v\u00edrus “acorda”, come\u00e7a a se multiplicar ativamente e desce pelo ax\u00f4nio do nervo afetado at\u00e9 a pele. Este processo causa dano \u00e0 epiderme na \u00e1rea de inerva\u00e7\u00e3o desse nervo.<\/p>\n\n

As condi\u00e7\u00f5es que provocam a reativa\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus incluem:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • estresse<\/strong> \u2014 forte estresse psicoemocional ou f\u00edsico;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • hipotermia<\/strong> \u2014 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a temperaturas baixas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • oncologia<\/strong> \u2014 presen\u00e7a de neoplasias malignas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • infec\u00e7\u00e3o pelo HIV<\/strong> \u2014 envolvimento viral do sistema imunol\u00f3gico;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • uso de corticosteroides<\/strong> \u2014 uso prolongado de medicamentos hormonais.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Na v\u00e9spera do aparecimento da erup\u00e7\u00e3o (per\u00edodo prodr\u00f4mico), alguns pacientes podem experimentar dor ao longo do nervo afetado. Depois, surgem vermelhid\u00f5es e bolhas caracter\u00edsticas no local.<\/p>\n\n

    O principal sinal cl\u00ednico do herpes-z\u00f3ster \u00e9 a estrita unilateralidade e linearidade das erup\u00e7\u00f5es (que seguem uma faixa ao longo do nervo, sem cruzar a linha m\u00e9dia do corpo). Para tratamento (nas primeiras 72 horas), s\u00e3o utilizados medicamentos antivirais espec\u00edficos (aciclovir, valaciclovir).<\/p>\n\n

    A complica\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum e s\u00e9ria \u00e9 a neuralgia p\u00f3s-herp\u00e9tica \u2014 uma dor intensa, inst\u00e1vel ou cont\u00ednua e extenuante de diferentes intensidades, que pode persistir por meses ou anos ap\u00f3s a completa cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o da pele na \u00e1rea afetada.<\/p>\n\n

    Para controlo da dor, geralmente utilizam-se:<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • gabapentina e pregabalina<\/strong> \u2014 anticonvulsivantes (anticonvulsivantes);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • antidepressivos c\u00edclicos<\/strong> \u2014 f\u00e1rmacos para modula\u00e7\u00e3o da resposta \u00e0 dor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • inje\u00e7\u00f5es de toxina botul\u00ednica<\/strong> \u2014 administros locais para redu\u00e7\u00e3o da intensidade da dor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Herpes-z\u00f3ster (do grego zoster<\/em> \u2014 cintur\u00e3o) \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a viral caracterizada pelo aparecimento de erup\u00e7\u00f5es vesiculosas agrupadas e dolorosas na pele. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7303","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHerpes-z\u00f3ster: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Herpes-z\u00f3ster (do grego zoster \u2014 cintur\u00e3o) \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a viral caracterizada pelo aparecimento de erup\u00e7\u00f5es vesiculosas agrupadas e dolorosas na pele.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/herpes-zoster\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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