{"id":1620,"date":"2025-10-30T11:38:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T08:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/apneia\/"},"modified":"2025-10-30T11:38:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T08:38:27","slug":"apneia","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/","title":{"rendered":"Apneia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Apneia (do grego “apnoia<\/em>” \u2014 “falta de ar”) \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.<\/p>\n\n

Durante um epis\u00f3dio de apneia, a troca gasosa nos pulm\u00f5es \u00e9 interrompida, levando \u00e0 redu\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00edvel de oxig\u00eanio no sangue (hipoxemia). Dependendo do mecanismo de ocorr\u00eancia, \u00e9 feita uma distin\u00e7\u00e3o entre apneia obstrutiva, associada \u00e0 oclus\u00e3o mec\u00e2nica das vias a\u00e9reas, e apneia central, causada por uma interrup\u00e7\u00e3o no funcionamento do centro respirat\u00f3rio no c\u00e9rebro.<\/p>\n\n

Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Existem dois tipos principais fisiopatol\u00f3gicos de apneia:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Apneia obstrutiva do sono.<\/strong> \u00c9 o tipo mais comum. Ocorre devido \u00e0 queda dos tecidos moles da faringe (palato mole, base da l\u00edngua) ou aumento das adenoides, o que bloqueia fisicamente a passagem do oxig\u00eanio, apesar das tentativas cont\u00ednuas de inala\u00e7\u00e3o pelos m\u00fasculos respirat\u00f3rios.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Apneia central.<\/strong> Ocorre quando o c\u00e9rebro deixa de enviar sinais aos m\u00fasculos respirat\u00f3rios. \u00c9 caracterizada pela aus\u00eancia de esfor\u00e7o respirat\u00f3rio. Muitas vezes, a condi\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 associada a insufici\u00eancia card\u00edaca, ao acidente vascular cerebral ou ao uso de opioides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Clinicamente, a apneia do sono \u00e9 caracterizada por ronco alto, pausas respirat\u00f3rias e sonol\u00eancia excessiva diurna. O “padr\u00e3o ouro” no diagn\u00f3stico da apneia \u00e9 a polissonografia \u2014 um exame que registra v\u00e1rios par\u00e2metros fisiol\u00f3gicos durante o sono. O principal indicador \u00e9 o \u00edndice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH), que avalia a gravidade da condi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

    Epis\u00f3dios repetidos da apneia levam \u00e0 hipoxemia cr\u00f4nica e ao sono fragmentado. Este \u00e9 um fator de risco significativo para a hipertens\u00e3o arterial, o infarto do mioc\u00e1rdio, o acidente vascular cerebral e o diabetes tipo 2. O principal tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono \u00e9 a terapia com CPAP (press\u00e3o positiva cont\u00ednua nas vias a\u00e9reas).<\/p>\n\n

    Diagn\u00f3stico diferencial<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Uma tarefa fundamental do diagn\u00f3stico \u00e9 diferenciar entre a apneia obstrutiva e a central, pois cada um desses tipos exige uma abordagem no tratamento diferente. Essa diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser feita de forma confi\u00e1vel s\u00f3 por meio da polissonografia, que registra a presen\u00e7a ou aus\u00eancia de esfor\u00e7o respirat\u00f3rio no t\u00f3rax e na parede abdominal durante a parada respirat\u00f3ria.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Apneia (do grego “apnoia” \u2014 “falta de ar”) \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1620","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nApneia: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apneia (do grego "apnoia" \u2014 "falta de ar") \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apneia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apneia (do grego "apnoia" \u2014 "falta de ar") \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Voka Wiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/\",\"name\":\"Apneia: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-30T08:38:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Apneia (do grego \\\"apnoia\\\" \u2014 \\\"falta de ar\\\") \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Apneia\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Voka Wiki\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Anatomy & Pathology Wiki by VOKA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\",\"alternateName\":\"VOKA\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"width\":70,\"height\":16,\"caption\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCqGGuOEpr62ScH8Pjk2q5zw\/videos\",\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/VokaAnatomyPro\/\",\"https:\/\/www.threads.com\/@voka.io\"],\"description\":\"VOKA.io offers 3D medical animations and custom 3D modeling services. Our product, VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology, is a digital atlas with over 1,000 detailed 3D models of human anatomy and pathology, designed for medical education, training, and patient communication.\",\"email\":\"info@voka.io\",\"telephone\":\"+1 814 351 4442\",\"legalName\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\",\"foundingDate\":\"2017-02-12\",\"naics\":\"541512\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"51\",\"maxValue\":\"200\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/principios-de-publicacao\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Apneia: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki","description":"Apneia (do grego \"apnoia\" \u2014 \"falta de ar\") \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/","og_locale":"pt_PT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Apneia","og_description":"Apneia (do grego \"apnoia\" \u2014 \"falta de ar\") \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.","og_url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/","og_site_name":"Voka Wiki","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tempo estimado de leitura":"2 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/","name":"Apneia: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-10-30T08:38:28+00:00","description":"Apneia (do grego \"apnoia\" \u2014 \"falta de ar\") \u00e9 a parada completa dos movimentos respirat\u00f3rios e suspens\u00e3o da ventila\u00e7\u00e3o pulmanar por 10 segundos ou mais. Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o important\u00edssima de dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios de sono.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/apneia\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Apneia"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/","name":"Voka Wiki","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Anatomy & Pathology Wiki by VOKA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-PT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#organization","name":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology","alternateName":"VOKA","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png","width":70,"height":16,"caption":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCqGGuOEpr62ScH8Pjk2q5zw\/videos","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/VokaAnatomyPro\/","https:\/\/www.threads.com\/@voka.io"],"description":"VOKA.io offers 3D medical animations and custom 3D modeling services. Our product, VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology, is a digital atlas with over 1,000 detailed 3D models of human anatomy and pathology, designed for medical education, training, and patient communication.","email":"info@voka.io","telephone":"+1 814 351 4442","legalName":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology","foundingDate":"2017-02-12","naics":"541512","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"51","maxValue":"200"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/principios-de-publicacao\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary_item\/1620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary_item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary_item"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}