{"id":894,"date":"2025-04-01T10:49:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T07:49:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/diseases\/uncategorized\/anomalii-razvitiya-naruzhnogo-uha\/"},"modified":"2026-05-28T12:13:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T09:13:08","slug":"anomalias-do-ouvido-externo","status":"publish","type":"diseases_post","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/doencas\/otorrinolaringologicas\/anomalias-do-ouvido-externo\/","title":{"rendered":"Anomalias do desenvolvimento do ouvido externo: Tipos, causas, diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As anomalias do desenvolvimento da orelha externa consistem em uma malforma\u00e7\u00e3o cong\u00eanita do pavilh\u00e3o auricular ou do canal auditivo externo. As anomalias do desenvolvimento do ouvido externo s\u00e3o malforma\u00e7\u00f5es cong\u00e9nitas do pavilh\u00e3o auricular ou do canal auditivo externo. Este grupo de anomalias causa defici\u00eancias funcionais e est\u00e9ticas que resultam em atraso no desenvolvimento da fala e\/ou insatisfa\u00e7\u00e3o com a pr\u00f3pria apar\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\" id=\"animacao-3d-orelha-de-abano\"><video controls><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/protuding-ears.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 orelha de abano<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"definicao-e-classificacao-das-anomalias-no-desenvolvimento-da-orelha-externa\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Defini\u00e7\u00e3o e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o das anomalias no desenvolvimento da orelha externa<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Malforma\u00e7\u00f5es do pavilh\u00e3o auricular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>microtia<\/strong> (graus I\u2013IV) \u2013 hipoplasia do pavilh\u00e3o auricular;<\/li>\n<li><strong>anotia<\/strong> (microtia de grau IV) \u2014  aus\u00eancia total do pavilh\u00e3o auricular;<\/li>\n<li><strong>macrotia<\/strong> \u2014 aumento do pavilh\u00e3o auricular;<\/li>\n<li><strong>orelha de abano<\/strong> \u2014 aumento do \u00e2ngulo entre o pavilh\u00e3o auricular e a cabe\u00e7a em mais de 30\u00b0;<\/li>\n<li><strong>tub\u00e9rculo de Darwin<\/strong> \u2014 um tub\u00e9rculo rudimentar do pavilh\u00e3o auricular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/Microtia_3%5B1%5D.webp\" alt=\"Microtia de grau III\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Microtia de grau III \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/en\/models\/8861ee9e-a330-4451-856d-1de6ead27805\/03218e75-4d1b-461d-bad0-7491688d7c97\/84fd861e-aca9-404c-95ea-7f1e78318082\/ccf737c4-7344-4c05-8ca4-48a4d2f19f81\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">modelo 3D<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Malforma\u00e7\u00f5es do meato ac\u00fastico externo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>atresia total do meato ac\u00fastico<\/strong> \u2014 aus\u00eancia do meato ac\u00fastico externo;<\/li>\n<li><strong>atresia parcial do meato ac\u00fastico (estenose)<\/strong> \u2014 estreitamento do meato ac\u00fastico externo para menos de 4 mm de di\u00e2metro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"videos-carousel-block\">\n<div class=\"swiper video-carousel-swiper video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5a6ff\">\n<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/complete-external-auditory-canal-atresia.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 atresia total do meato ac\u00fastico externo<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/partial-external-auditory-canal-atresia-stenosis.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 atresia parcial do meato ac\u00fastico externo (estenose)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__controls\">\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5a6ff\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__arrows\"><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5a6ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5a6ff\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script defer>\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        const videosCarouselSwiper = new Swiper('.video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5a6ff', {\n            slidesPerView: 1,\n            spaceBetween: 20,\n            loop: true,\n            pagination: {\n                el: '.swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5a6ff',\n                clickable: true,\n            },\n            navigation: {\n                nextEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5a6ff',\n                prevEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5a6ff',\n            },\n            on: {\n                slideChangeTransitionStart: function () {\n                    const videos = this.el.querySelectorAll('video');\n                    videos.forEach(video => {\n                        if (!video.paused) {\n                            video.pause();\n                            video.currentTime = 0;\n                        }\n                    });\n                },\n            }\n        })\n    })\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Forma\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e9-auriculares:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>f\u00edstulas pr\u00e9-auriculares<\/strong> s\u00e3o passagens anormais, com final cego e com aberturas de sa\u00edda localizadas na frente da orelha ou na h\u00e9lice;<\/li>\n<li><strong>ap\u00eandices cut\u00e2neos pr\u00e9-auriculares<\/strong> (pavilh\u00f5es auriculares acess\u00f3rios) s\u00e3o tub\u00e9rculos localizados na frente do pavilh\u00e3o auricular, representando excresc\u00eancias cut\u00e2neas, \u00e0s vezes contendo conte\u00fado cartilaginoso.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"embriologia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Embriologia<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A forma\u00e7\u00e3o do pavilh\u00e3o auricular come\u00e7a na 5\u00aa semana de gesta\u00e7\u00e3o a partir do 1\u00ba e 2\u00ba arcos branquiais, a partir dos quais se formam tr\u00eas tub\u00e9rculos de His intrauterinos. Posteriormente, esses tub\u00e9rculos se fundem e, por volta da 22\u00aa semana, formam um pavilh\u00e3o auricular completo com elementos caracter\u00edsticos: trago, antitrago, ramo da h\u00e9lice, h\u00e9lice, fossa escaf\u00f3idea, ant\u00e9lice. Por volta dos 5-6 anos de idade, o pavilh\u00e3o auricular j\u00e1 atingiu praticamente seu tamanho final.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O meato ac\u00fastico externo se desenvolve da 12\u00aa \u00e0 28\u00aa semana de gesta\u00e7\u00e3o. O epit\u00e9lio ectod\u00e9rmico da 1\u00aa fenda branquial, localizada entre o 1\u00ba e o 2\u00ba arcos branquiais, se invagina para formar o meato ac\u00fastico. <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"epidemiologia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Epidemiologia<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anomalias cong\u00eanitas da estrutura do pavilh\u00e3o auricular ocorrem em 1 a cada 7.000 a 15.000 rec\u00e9m-nascidos, das quais 85% s\u00e3o unilaterais; 60% dos casos t\u00eam a ver com a orelha direita afetada. Os rapazes t\u00eam 2-2,5 vezes mais probabilidades de ter a anomalia do que as raparigas. Existem varia\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9tnicas, sendo as anomalias do ouvido mais comuns em hisp\u00e2nicos, asi\u00e1ticos e \u00edndios Navajo. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A microtia ocorre em 1 em cada 7.000 nados vivos. A microtia de grau III \u00e9 o tipo mais comum (75%). A incid\u00eancia de atresia do canal auditivo externo \u00e9 de 1 em 10.000-20.000 rec\u00e9m-nascidos e \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m duas vezes mais comum no sexo masculino. A atresia e a microtia podem ser combinadas. A atresia e a microtia podem coexistir. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A orelha de abano ocorre em 0,5 a 15% dos casos; entre os europeus, esse \u00edndice \u00e9 de aproximadamente 5%. Em 66% dos casos, a anomalia \u00e9 herdada como uma caracter\u00edstica autoss\u00f4mica dominante com penetr\u00e2ncia incompleta. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As f\u00edstulas pr\u00e9-auriculares ocorrem em 15 a 43 casos por 100.000 indiv\u00edduos, sendo 27% dos casos herdados como uma caracter\u00edstica autoss\u00f4mica recessiva. Os ap\u00eandices periauriculares s\u00e3o a anomalia mais frequente do ouvido externo, ocorrendo em 5-10 casos por 1.000 rec\u00e9m-nascidos. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/Periauricular_skin_appendages%5B1%5D.webp\" alt=\"Ap\u00eandice cut\u00e2neo pr\u00e9-auricular \"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ap\u00eandice cut\u00e2neo pr\u00e9-auricular \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/en\/models\/8861ee9e-a330-4451-856d-1de6ead27805\/03218e75-4d1b-461d-bad0-7491688d7c97\/9889321a-1def-475a-8572-f304bbe191e9\/896c8ce4-bd58-4b70-8501-25babda034ff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">modelo 3D<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A maioria das malforma\u00e7\u00f5es cong\u00eanitas da orelha s\u00e3o manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es de s\u00edndromes gen\u00e9ticas como Konigsmark, Moebius, Treacher Collins e outras.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"etiologia-e-patogenese\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiologia e patog\u00eanese<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As anomalias no desenvolvimento da orelha externa surgem como resultado de muta\u00e7\u00f5es gen\u00e9ticas (aproximadamente 15%) e exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a fatores teratog\u00eanicos, mas na maioria dos casos s\u00e3o idiop\u00e1ticas. A isotretino\u00edna, a talidomida e o etanol est\u00e3o entre os teratog\u00e9nicos que afectam o desenvolvimento do pavilh\u00e3o auricular. Devido a v\u00e1rios factores etiol\u00f3gicos, a invagina\u00e7\u00e3o do epit\u00e9lio ectod\u00e9rmico da primeira fenda branquial \u00e9 prejudicada, resultando em atresia. A atresia \u00f3ssea do meato ac\u00fastico \u00e9 sempre secund\u00e1ria e est\u00e1 associada a malforma\u00e7\u00f5es do osso temporal. A microtia \u00e9 causada por uma rutura da fus\u00e3o das tuberosidades de Gis e pela forma\u00e7\u00e3o do pavilh\u00e3o auricular. As f\u00edstulas pr\u00e9-auriculares se formam devido \u00e0 migra\u00e7\u00e3o tardia do epit\u00e9lio e do tecido cartilaginoso ou \u00e0 prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o excessiva de tecido. Uma interrup\u00e7\u00e3o na migra\u00e7\u00e3o de um dos tr\u00eas tub\u00e9rculos do 1\u00ba arco branquial resulta na forma\u00e7\u00e3o de ap\u00eandices cut\u00e2neos pr\u00e9-auriculares. Encontram-se na pele, no tri\u00e2ngulo formado pelo canto da boca e pela base do pavilh\u00e3o auricular (entre o rolo e o l\u00f3bulo).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"apresentacao-clinica\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As anomalias do desenvolvimento do ouvido externo manifestam-se por insatisfa\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e9tica e\/ou perda auditiva. As altera\u00e7\u00f5es no tamanho e na posi\u00e7\u00e3o dos pavilh\u00f5es auriculares, bem como as forma\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e9-auriculares, podem causar complexos nos pacientes em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 sua apar\u00eancia. S\u00e3o especialmente comuns entre os 5 e 6 anos de idade, quando os colegas percebem caracter\u00edsticas distintivas. Isto pode levar a problemas de autoestima e de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o social. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na microtia de graus III-IV e na atresia do meato ac\u00fastico, o lado afetado pode ter diversos graus \u200b\u200bde perda auditiva. Entretanto, em patologias unilaterais, a doen\u00e7a pode permanecer mascarada por longo per\u00edodo de tempo devido \u00e0 compensa\u00e7\u00e3o pela orelha saud\u00e1vel. No caso de estenose unilateral do canal auditivo, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o auditiva pode ser preservada e as altera\u00e7\u00f5es externas tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o s\u00e3o percept\u00edveis. Estes doentes recorrem mais frequentemente a otorrinolaringologistas devido \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de tamp\u00f5es de cera. Isto deve-se \u00e0 falta de auto-limpeza do canal auditivo devido \u00e0 estreiteza anat\u00f3mica. As f\u00edstulas periauriculares podem tornar-se inflamadas, para al\u00e9m de um defeito cosm\u00e9tico. Nesse caso, ocorre secre\u00e7\u00e3o anormal pela f\u00edstula; podem se observar dor local e a hiperemia.<\/p>\n<div class=\"videos-carousel-block\">\n<div class=\"swiper video-carousel-swiper video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5c5ad\">\n<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/preauricular-fistula.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 f\u00edstula pr\u00e9-auricular<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/preauricular-dermal-appendages.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 ap\u00eandices cut\u00e2neos pr\u00e9-auriculares<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__controls\">\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5c5ad\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__arrows\"><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5c5ad\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5c5ad\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script defer>\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        const videosCarouselSwiper = new Swiper('.video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5c5ad', {\n            slidesPerView: 1,\n            spaceBetween: 20,\n            loop: true,\n            pagination: {\n                el: '.swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5c5ad',\n                clickable: true,\n            },\n            navigation: {\n                nextEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5c5ad',\n                prevEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5c5ad',\n            },\n            on: {\n                slideChangeTransitionStart: function () {\n                    const videos = this.el.querySelectorAll('video');\n                    videos.forEach(video => {\n                        if (!video.paused) {\n                            video.pause();\n                            video.currentTime = 0;\n                        }\n                    });\n                },\n            }\n        })\n    })\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os ap\u00eandices d\u00e9rmicos podem estar localizados na zona da bochecha ou \u00e0 frente da orelha e t\u00eam diferentes formas (esf\u00e9rica, lobular, nodular, ovoide). N\u00e3o causam quaisquer problemas funcionais, mas apenas defeitos est\u00e9ticos. <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"diagnostico-das-anomalias-de-desenvolvimento-do-ouvido-externo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagn\u00f3stico das anomalias de desenvolvimento do ouvido externo<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O diagn\u00f3stico \u00e9 estabelecido por meio de exame f\u00edsico e instrumental. Permitem determinar a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o das anomalias e a extens\u00e3o dos danos nos tecidos, a natureza e o grau da perda de audi\u00e7\u00e3o, bem como o envolvimento das estruturas do ouvido m\u00e9dio e interno. <\/p>\n<h3 id=\"inspecao\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e3o avaliados o tamanho e a forma dos pavilh\u00f5es auriculares, sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao cr\u00e2nio e a presen\u00e7a de estruturas pr\u00e9-auriculares adicionais (f\u00edstulas, ap\u00eandices). Os pavilh\u00f5es auriculares devem ser examinados e comparados com o lado contralateral.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na microtia de grau I, o pavilh\u00e3o auricular tem tamanho reduzido, mas as estruturas anat\u00f4micas s\u00e3o preservadas.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A microtia de grau II caracteriza-se pela diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do tamanho e deforma\u00e7\u00e3o do pavilh\u00e3o auricular com algumas caracter\u00edsticas anat\u00f4micas preservadas.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na microtia grau III, o pavilh\u00e3o auricular apresenta pequenos processos rudimentares de cartilagem e pele em forma de amendoim. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na microtia de grau IV, o pavilh\u00e3o auricular e o meato ac\u00fastico n\u00e3o s\u00e3o vis\u00edveis; em casos raros, o meato ac\u00fastico pode ser salvo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"videos-carousel-block\">\n<div class=\"swiper video-carousel-swiper video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5cf33\">\n<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/microtia-1.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 microtia de grau I<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/mikrotia-2.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 microtia de grau II<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/mikrotia-3.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 microtia de grau III<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/mikrotia-4-anotia.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 microtia de grau IV (anotia)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__controls\">\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5cf33\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__arrows\"><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5cf33\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5cf33\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script defer>\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        const videosCarouselSwiper = new Swiper('.video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5cf33', {\n            slidesPerView: 1,\n            spaceBetween: 20,\n            loop: true,\n            pagination: {\n                el: '.swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5cf33',\n                clickable: true,\n            },\n            navigation: {\n                nextEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5cf33',\n                prevEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5cf33',\n            },\n            on: {\n                slideChangeTransitionStart: function () {\n                    const videos = this.el.querySelectorAll('video');\n                    videos.forEach(video => {\n                        if (!video.paused) {\n                            video.pause();\n                            video.currentTime = 0;\n                        }\n                    });\n                },\n            }\n        })\n    })\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lopopoulosidade caracteriza-se por um aumento do \u00e2ngulo auriculocef\u00e1lico superior a 30\u00b0. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na macrotia, o tamanho vertical dos pavilh\u00f5es auriculares aumenta para mais de 6 cm.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O tub\u00e9rculo de Darwin \u00e9 um alargamento rudimentar da cartilagem no topo do verticilo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"videos-carousel-block\">\n<div class=\"swiper video-carousel-swiper video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5d526\">\n<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/macrotia.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 macrotia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><video controls class=\"carousel-video\"><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/darwin-turbecle.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 tub\u00e9rculo de Darwin<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__controls\">\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5d526\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"swiper-article-video-carousel__arrows\"><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--prev video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5d526\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5d526\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewbox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script defer>\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        const videosCarouselSwiper = new Swiper('.video-carousel-swiper-block_6a28a25c5d526', {\n            slidesPerView: 1,\n            spaceBetween: 20,\n            loop: true,\n            pagination: {\n                el: '.swiper-article-video-carousel__pagination-container-block_6a28a25c5d526',\n                clickable: true,\n            },\n            navigation: {\n                nextEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6a28a25c5d526',\n                prevEl: '.video-carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6a28a25c5d526',\n            },\n            on: {\n                slideChangeTransitionStart: function () {\n                    const videos = this.el.querySelectorAll('video');\n                    videos.forEach(video => {\n                        if (!video.paused) {\n                            video.pause();\n                            video.currentTime = 0;\n                        }\n                    });\n                },\n            }\n        })\n    })\n<\/script><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"otoscopia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Otoscopia<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Determina a presen\u00e7a ou aus\u00eancia do canal auditivo externo. A aus\u00eancia \u00e9 uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o de atresia completa do canal auditivo. A macrotia  \u00e9 um aumento do tamanho do pavilh\u00e3o auricular. Se estiver preservado, observa-se o seu tamanho, forma e visibilidade da membrana timp\u00e2nica. Se o di\u00e2metro no ponto mais largo da passagem for inferior a 4 mm, \u00e9 diagnosticada a estenose. S\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m avaliados os contornos identificadores, a cor e a transpar\u00eancia da membrana timp\u00e2nica. Na microtia de II\u2013IV graus, o meato ac\u00fastico pode apresentar a atresia. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/Partial_external_auditory_canal_atresia_stenosis%5B1%5D.webp\" alt=\"Estenose do meato ac\u00fastico externo\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Estenose do meato ac\u00fastico externo \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/en\/models\/8861ee9e-a330-4451-856d-1de6ead27805\/03218e75-4d1b-461d-bad0-7491688d7c97\/13f76b32-0af2-4df1-9885-2ff6746828a1\/c5ff75fa-9cbf-4f2a-9c5b-63213020bb11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">modelo 3D<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"exames-audiologicos\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exames audiol\u00f3gicos <\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os exames audiol\u00f3gicos incluem a audiometria tonal, a acumetria, os potenciais evocados auditivos de curta lat\u00eancia e a emiss\u00e3o otoac\u00fastica. Os resultados dos testes determinam o tipo e o grau de perda auditiva. Na atresia isolada do meato ac\u00fastico, observa-se <span class=\"glossary-term\" data-title=\"Perda auditiva condutiva\" data-tooltip=\"A perda auditiva condutiva \u00e9 um tipo de perda auditiva causada por uma perturba\u00e7\u00e3o na condu\u00e7\u00e3o das ondas sonoras no ouvido externo ou m\u00e9dio. Entretanto, o sistema auditivo: o ouvido interno (c\u00f3clea) e o nervo auditivo, permanece intacto.\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/perda-auditiva-condutiva\/\">perda auditiva condutiva<\/span>, que pode variar de leve a severa. Devem ser examinadas ambas as orelhas. <\/p>\n<h3 id=\"tomografia-computadorizada-dos-ossos-temporais\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"glossary-term\" data-title=\"Tomografia computorizada\" data-tooltip=\"A tomografia computadorizada \u00e9 um exame de imagem que usa raios X para obter imagens transversais (cortes) de \u00f3rg\u00e3os e tecidos internos. \u00c9 uma das principais t\u00e9cnicas de imagem da medicina moderna, com elevado n\u00edvel de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00e3o.\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/tc-tomografia-computadorizada\/\">Tomografia computadorizada<\/span> dos ossos temporais <\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O exame \u00e9 realizado para determinar o grau de atresia do canal auditivo, o estado das estruturas do ouvido m\u00e9dio e interno, o trajeto do nervo facial e a presen\u00e7a de outras anomalias. Com a ajuda de resultados de tomografia computadorizada, \u00e9 determinada a possibilidade de corre\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica (crit\u00e9rios de Jahrsdoerfer; veja a se\u00e7\u00e3o \u201cTratamento de anomalias no desenvolvimento da orelha externa\u201d). Na patologia unilateral, o exame n\u00e3o \u00e9 recomendado para crian\u00e7as menores de 6 anos de idade devido \u00e0 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o excessiva \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o e ao atraso no tratamento cir\u00fargico. <\/p>\n<div class=\"social-banner-block\">\n<div class=\"social-banner-content\">\n<p class=\"h5-title text-black\">Encontra mais conte\u00fados cientificamente exactos nas nossas redes sociais<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"social-banner-text text-grey\">Subscreve e n\u00e3o percas os recursos mais recentes<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"social-links-wrapper\"><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/facebook.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/insta.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/posts\/?feedView=all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/linkedin.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@vokaio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/youtube.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/voka3danatomyandpathology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/pinterest.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@voka.io\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/tiktok.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/7ejUpq8DRR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/discord.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"social-banner-image\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/social-media-banner-mobile-image.webp\" alt=\"Banner background\"><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"tratamento-das-anomalias-de-desenvolvimento-do-ouvido-externo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tratamento das anomalias de desenvolvimento do ouvido externo<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No caso de anomalias do ouvido externo, s\u00e3o realizadas ectopr\u00f3teses, aparelhos auditivos ou tratamento cir\u00fargico, consoante a gravidade do processo.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"atresia-do-meato-acustico-externo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atresia do meato ac\u00fastico externo<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"h-\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aparelho auditivo <\/h4>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A estenose do canal auditivo com perda auditiva condutiva pode ser compensada com aparelhos auditivos retroauriculares ou intra-auriculares. O princ\u00edpio de funcionamento consiste em amplificar o sinal sonoro e transmiti-lo \u00e0s estruturas do ouvido m\u00e9dio. Em caso de atresia completa dos canais auditivos e de perda auditiva condutiva, s\u00e3o utilizados aparelhos auditivos de condu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00f3ssea implant\u00e1veis. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este tipo de aparelho auditivo \u00e9 composto por duas partes. A primeira parte \u00e9 um implante de tit\u00e2nio que \u00e9 implantado no osso temporal. Durante um longo per\u00edodo de tempo, o implante desenvolve tecido \u00f3sseo \u2013 osseointegra-se. O segundo componente \u00e9 um processador de som remov\u00edvel; o aparelho \u00e9 fixado no implante e capta os sons. Com a ajuda deste dispositivo, o som do ambiente externo \u00e9 transmitido diretamente para a c\u00f3clea atrav\u00e9s dos ossos do cr\u00e2nio (condu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00f3ssea). <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nas crian\u00e7as, o dispositivo \u00e9 fixado com uma ligadura el\u00e1stica na cabe\u00e7a. Na atresia bilateral completa, o uso precoce de aparelhos auditivos (dentro dos primeiros 3 a 4 meses de vida) \u00e9 essencial para estimular o desenvolvimento adequado da fala e prevenir dist\u00farbios da fala. <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"h-\u0445\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tratamento cir\u00fargico <\/h4>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O tratamento cir\u00fargico para atresia do meato ac\u00fastico externo visa restaurar sua anatomia. A meatoplastia (canaloplastia) \u00e9 realizada (se necess\u00e1rio, em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com timpanoplastia) em uma ou mais etapas.  No caso de malforma\u00e7\u00f5es do ouvido m\u00e9dio, o m\u00e9dico assistente decide sobre o tratamento (ossiculoplastia).<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Indica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>atresia bilateral do canal auditivo externo (completa ou parcial);<\/li>\n<li>fun\u00e7\u00e3o preservada da c\u00f3clea (perda auditiva condutiva); <\/li>\n<li>Escala de Jahrsdoerfer \u2014 pelo menos 7 pontos (resultado mais favor\u00e1vel no per\u00edodo p\u00f3s-operat\u00f3rio; 6 \u00e9 o valor lim\u00edtrofe). Essa escala representa a soma dos pontos (10 \u00e9 o m\u00e1x.) que o paciente recebe com base nos resultados de tomografia computadorizada dos ossos temporais do lado afetado. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Escala de Jahrsdoerfer<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table table-to-cards table-accents\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da forma\u00e7\u00e3o anat\u00f4mica:<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Pontua\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Articula\u00e7\u00e3o incudomalear<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Articula\u00e7\u00e3o incudoestapedial<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forame oval patente<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forame redondo patente<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pneumatiza\u00e7\u00e3o do processo mastoide<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pneumatiza\u00e7\u00e3o da cavidade da orelha m\u00e9dia<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Orelha externa<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nervo facial<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Estribo<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contra-indica\u00e7\u00f5es: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Atresia unilateral; <\/li>\n<li>idade inferior a 5-6 anos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o  do m\u00e9todo passo a passo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O osso temporal \u00e9 exposto por meio de uma abordagem retroauricular ou anterior (a f\u00e1scia temporal \u00e9 separada e preservada). Durante todo o procedimento, \u00e9 recomendado realizar a monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o neurofisiol\u00f3gica intraoperat\u00f3ria do nervo facial. Em caso de atresia completa do canal auditivo, forma-se um novo canal com uma broca em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 cavidade timp\u00e2nica. A perfura\u00e7\u00e3o do meato ac\u00fastico continua at\u00e9 que o di\u00e2metro atinja 12 mm. Os oss\u00edculos auditivos preservados s\u00e3o expostos. A cartilagem do dador e a f\u00e1scia temporal s\u00e3o colocadas em cima do martelo. Paralelamente, um retalho de pele de camada completa \u00e9 retirado da superf\u00edcie anterior da coxa. Ap\u00f3s a forma\u00e7\u00e3o do novomeato ac\u00fastico, um retalho cut\u00e2neo \u00e9 posicionado ao redor de sua circunfer\u00eancia, cobrindo todo o osso exposto e envolvendo o neot\u00edmpano (f\u00e1scia temporal).<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se o canal auditivo estiver estenosado, alarga-o at\u00e9 ao di\u00e2metro necess\u00e1rio. A pele \u00e9 retirada preliminarmente e depois colocada nas paredes do canal formado. O tamponamento do meato ac\u00fastico \u00e9 realizado por 10 a 14 dias.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rresultados<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o da via de condu\u00e7\u00e3o sonora anat\u00f4mica que melhora a audi\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Complica\u00e7\u00f5es e desvantagens<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reestenose. Aus\u00eancia de ganho auditivo.\n <\/p>\n<h3 id=\"microtia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Microtia<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na microtia de graus III-IV, s\u00e3o amplamente utilizadas as pr\u00f3teses de silicone (m\u00e9todo de tratamento n\u00e3o cir\u00fargico). O m\u00e9todo consiste na cria\u00e7\u00e3o de pr\u00f3tese de silicone a partir de moldes da orelha saud\u00e1vel, que \u00e9 ent\u00e3o instalada no local da anomalia. A pr\u00f3tese de silicone \u00e9 selecionada para combinar o m\u00e1ximo poss\u00edvel com a cor e a textura da pele, sendo fixada com cola, clipes ou \u00edm\u00e3s (estes \u00faltimos s\u00e3o implantados intra\u00f3sseos). Este m\u00e9todo de tratamento \u00e9 adequado para pessoas de todas as idades, sendo a \u00fanica contraindica\u00e7\u00e3o a intoler\u00e2ncia ao material. A vantagem reside na simplicidade e rapidez de realiza\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A microtia \u00e9 tratada com corre\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica \u2014 otoplastia (reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o da orelha). Para a reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o do pavilh\u00e3o auricular, \u00e9 utilizada a cartilagem do pr\u00f3prio paciente (autotransplante) ou um modelo da orelha feito de tecido artificial.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Indica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Microtia de graus III\u2013IV. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contraindica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A idade m\u00ednima para a cirurgia \u00e9 de 5 a 6 anos. Nessa idade, a orelha saud\u00e1vel j\u00e1 atingiu quase o seu tamanho final (85%), o que torna poss\u00edvel modelar um enxerto semelhante. A cartilagem das costelas tamb\u00e9m j\u00e1 est\u00e1 suficientemente formada nesta idade.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o  do m\u00e9todo passo a passo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando se trata do autotransplante, o primeiro passo \u00e9 obter um molde da orelha saud\u00e1vel, que ser\u00e1 ent\u00e3o utilizado para moldar o pavilh\u00e3o auricular ausente. Em seguida, \u00e9 isolado um fragmento das VI, VII e VIII cartilagens costais com o peric\u00f4ndrio, medindo 7 a 9 cm. O tecido cartilaginoso \u00e9 utilizado para formar uma estrutura do pavilh\u00e3o auricular com curvas anat\u00f4micas (h\u00e9lice, ant\u00e9lice, etc.) por meio de suturas em v\u00e1rias dire\u00e7\u00f5es. A pele na regi\u00e3o temporal, no local do pavilh\u00e3o auricular proposto, \u00e9 cortada finamente dos tecidos subjacentes. O enxerto moldado \u00e9 inserido na cavidade resultante para cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ap\u00f3s 3-4 meses, \u00e9 efectuada uma incis\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea ao longo do bordo posterior do caracol, o pavilh\u00e3o auricular \u00e9 cortado ao longo da sua superf\u00edcie medial juntamente com a pele e \u00e9 definida a posi\u00e7\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria. Um retalho de pele de camada completa retirado da zona da coxa \u00e9 colocado na superf\u00edcie posterior do pavilh\u00e3o auricular formado e no defeito da regi\u00e3o temporal. \u00c9 aplicado um tamp\u00e3o de press\u00e3o na regi\u00e3o auricular e s\u00e3o efectuados pensos regulares at\u00e9 \u00e0 cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o completa. Se necess\u00e1rio, os pr\u00f3ximos passos consistem na forma\u00e7\u00e3o do trago e do meato ac\u00fastico externo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ao utilizar implantes m\u00e9dicos, eles s\u00e3o colocados no local do pavilh\u00e3o auricular desejado, sendo cobertos com um enxerto de pele. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rresultados<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O pavilh\u00e3o auricular \u00e9 formado sem qualquer defeito est\u00e9tico vis\u00edvel. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Complica\u00e7\u00f5es e desvantagens<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No entanto, s\u00e3o poss\u00edveis cicatrizes hipertr\u00f3ficas e deforma\u00e7\u00f5es do enxerto. A celulite e a <span class=\"glossary-term\" data-title=\"Condrite\" data-tooltip=\"Condrite \u00e9 uma inflama\u00e7\u00e3o do tecido cartilaginoso. J\u00e1 que a cartilagem n\u00e3o possui vasos sangu\u00edneos (sendo um tecido avascular), o processo inflamat\u00f3rio geralmente ocorre no peric\u00f4ndrio (pericondrite) que a nutre.\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/condrite\/\">condrite<\/span> s\u00e3o extremamente raras. Entre as desvantagens, destaca-se a dificuldade em criar uma r\u00e9plica perfeita da orelha saud\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"macrotia-orelha-de-abano\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Macrotia, orelha de abano<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otoplastia \u00e9 o procedimento ideal para tratar a macrotia e a orelha de abano.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\" id=\"animacao-3d-correcao-da-orelha-de-abano\"><video controls><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Otorhinolaryngology\/Developmental%20anomalies%20of%20the%20external%20ear%20-%20types%2C%20causes%2C%20diagnosis%20and%20treatment\/correction-of-protruding-ears.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 corre\u00e7\u00e3o da orelha de abano<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Indica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Macrotia, orelha de abano. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contraindica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patologia som\u00e1tica concomitante, idade inferior a 6 anos. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o  do m\u00e9todo passo a passo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pele \u00e9 separada ao longo da superf\u00edcie posterior do pavilh\u00e3o auricular. Dependendo da condi\u00e7\u00e3o do pavilh\u00e3o auricular, a cartilagem \u00e9 excisada e\/ou suturada em v\u00e1rias dire\u00e7\u00f5es, criando as curvas e a forma desejadas. A pele \u00e9 fechada com sutura intrad\u00e9rmica. Aplica-se uma bandagem compressiva. Se necess\u00e1rio, o procedimento \u00e9 repetido na outra orelha. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rresultados<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O pavilh\u00e3o auricular fica com o formato desejado, sem defeitos est\u00e9ticos vis\u00edveis. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Complica\u00e7\u00f5es e desvantagens<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cicatrizes hipertr\u00f3ficas e deformidades auriculares s\u00e3o poss\u00edveis. A celulite e a condrite s\u00e3o extremamente raras. <\/p>\n<h3 id=\"formacoes-pre-auriculares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Forma\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e9-auriculares<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As forma\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e9-auriculares (f\u00edstulas, ap\u00eandices cut\u00e2neos) s\u00e3o excisadas cirurgicamente. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Indica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Insatisfa\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e9tica. Inflama\u00e7\u00e3o recorrente da f\u00edstula. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contraindica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patologia som\u00e1tica concomitante. Fase aguda da inflama\u00e7\u00e3o da f\u00edstula. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o  do m\u00e9todo passo a passo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se houver uma f\u00edstula, \u00e9 realizada uma incis\u00e3o na pele ao redor de sua abertura. A f\u00edstula \u00e9 excisada em toda a sua extens\u00e3o, dentro do tecido saud\u00e1vel. Em alguns casos, para melhor visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o da sua localiza\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 injetado um agente de contraste (azul de metileno). As bordas da ferida s\u00e3o suturadas. Os ap\u00eandices cut\u00e2neos s\u00e3o removidos com bisturi ou laser. <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rresultados<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aus\u00eancia de defeitos anat\u00f4micos.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Complica\u00e7\u00f5es e desvantagens<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Possibilidade de remo\u00e7\u00e3o incompleta da f\u00edstula e sua infec\u00e7\u00e3o subsequente. <\/p>\n<div>\n<h2 class=\"faq-title h2-article\" id=\"faq\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">1. Quais aparelhos auditivos s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bna estenose do meato ac\u00fastico?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">Na estenose do meato ac\u00fastico, s\u00e3o usados os aparelhos auditivos retroauriculares (BTE) ou intra-auriculares (ITE). Eles aumentam o sinal sonoro e o transmitem para as estruturas da orelha m\u00e9dia, compensando assim a perda auditiva condutiva.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">2. Como funcionam os aparelhos auditivos de condu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00f3ssea?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">Um aparelho auditivo implant\u00e1vel consiste em duas partes: um implante de tit\u00e2nio, que \u00e9 implantado no osso temporal e, com o tempo, se integra ao tecido \u00f3sseo (osseointegra\u00e7\u00e3o), e um processador de som, que capta os sons e os transmite atrav\u00e9s do osso diretamente para a c\u00f3clea.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">3. Quais s\u00e3o as indica\u00e7\u00f5es para o tratamento cir\u00fargico da atresia do meato ac\u00fastico?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">A cirurgia \u00e9 indicada em caso da atresia bilateral do meato ac\u00fastico externo (completa ou parcial), com fun\u00e7\u00e3o coclear preservada e uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o de Jahrsdoerfer de pelo menos 7.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">4. Quais s\u00e3o as poss\u00edveis complica\u00e7\u00f5es ap\u00f3s o tratamento cir\u00fargico da atresia do meato ac\u00fastico?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">As principais complica\u00e7\u00f5es incluem a reestenose (estreitamento recorrente do meato ac\u00fastico) e aus\u00eancia de ganho auditivo significativo.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sources-list-block sources-list-hidden\" id=\"referencias\">\n<div class=\"sources-list-content\">\n<div class=\"sources-list-title\">\n<p class=\"small-text-bold text-black sources-list-title-text\">Refer\u00eancias<\/p>\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button-wrapper-mobile\">\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 12L16 20L24 12\" stroke=\"#8C9AAB\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sources-list-items\">\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\"><cite>VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology \u2013 Complete Anatomy and Pathology 3D Atlas (VOKA 3D Anatomia e Patologia \u2013 Atlas 3D completo de anatomia e patologia) [Internet]. VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology [VOKA 3D Anatomia & Patologia]. <\/cite><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"small-text-medium text-grey\">Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">2.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\"><cite>Georgakopoulos B, Zafar Gondal A. Embryology, Ear Congenital Malformations. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. PMID: 31424840 <\/cite><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"small-text-medium text-grey\">Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545256\/ <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">3.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\"><cite>Jeffrey Liaw, Vijay A. Patel, Michele M. Carr, Congenital anomalies of the external ear, Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 28, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 72-76, ISSN 1043-1810, doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otot.2017.03.012.<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\"><cite>Sclafani AP, Dyleski RA, Pitman MJ, Schantz SP. Total otolaryngology\u2014head and neck surgery (Otolaringologia completa\u2014cirurgia de pesco\u00e7o e cabe\u00e7a). Nova York: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2015. ISBN: 978-1-60406-646-3.<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">5.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\"><cite>Luquetti DV, Heike CL, Hing AV, Cunningham ML, Cox TC. Microtia: epidemiology and genetics. Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Jan;158A(1):124-39. doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.34352 Epub 2011 Nov 21. PMID: 22106030; PMCID: PMC3482263<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">6.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\"><cite>Park H, Seong J, Park H, Yeo H. Standardized surgical strategy for the treatment of preauricular sinus to reduce recurrence. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2023 Oct;24(5):223-229. doi: doi.org\/10.7181\/acfs.2023.00423 Epub 2023 Oct 20. PMID: 37919909; PMCID: PMC10622947.<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\"><cite>Andrews J, Kopacz AA, Hohman MH. Ear Microtia [Internet]. StatPearls \u2013 NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. <\/cite><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"small-text-medium text-grey\">Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK563243\/ <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 12L16 20L24 12\" stroke=\"#8C9AAB\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As anomalias do desenvolvimento da orelha externa consistem em uma malforma\u00e7\u00e3o cong\u00eanita do pavilh\u00e3o auricular ou do canal auditivo externo. As anomalias do desenvolvimento do ouvido externo s\u00e3o malforma\u00e7\u00f5es cong\u00e9nitas do pavilh\u00e3o auricular ou do canal auditivo externo. Este grupo de anomalias causa defici\u00eancias funcionais e est\u00e9ticas que resultam em atraso no desenvolvimento da fala [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"template":"","diseases_category":[301],"class_list":["post-894","diseases_post","type-diseases_post","status-publish","hentry","diseases_category-otorrinolaringologicas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Anomalias no desenvolvimento da orelha externa \u2013 tipos, causas, diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Anomalias no desenvolvimento da orelha externa s\u00e3o defeitos cong\u00eanitos que incluem a estenose, a microtia, a atresia do meato ac\u00fastico e outras patologias. 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