{"id":8432,"date":"2026-10-22T16:36:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/myalgie\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:36:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:18","slug":"myalgie","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myalgie\/","title":{"rendered":"Myalgie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La myalgie (du grec myos<\/em> \u2014 muscle et algos<\/em> \u2014 douleur) est un syndrome douloureux de la musculature stri\u00e9e (squelettique). En infectiologie, ce sympt\u00f4me constitue l\u2019un des principaux marqueurs de la r\u00e9ponse inflammatoire syst\u00e9mique ou un signe d\u2019atteinte parasitaire directe du tissu musculaire.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/h2>\n\n

Le m\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9veloppement de la myalgie se divise en deux types :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • toxico-infectieux<\/strong> \u2014 ce type de myalgie (caract\u00e9ristique de la grippe, de l\u2019infection \u00e0 coronavirus et de la dengue) survient sans pr\u00e9sence physique du virus dans les muscles. Elle est due \u00e0 une lib\u00e9ration massive de cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans le sang (en particulier du facteur de n\u00e9crose tumorale et de l\u2019interleukine-6). Ces mol\u00e9cules augmentent fortement la sensibilit\u00e9 des nocicepteurs (r\u00e9cepteurs de la douleur) dans les fibres musculaires, provoquant une sensation de courbatures dans tout le corps ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • invasif<\/strong> \u2014 il est de nature totalement diff\u00e9rente. Ce type de myalgie est caract\u00e9ristique des helminthiases, notamment de la trichinellose. Dans ce cas, les larves du parasite, v\u00e9hicul\u00e9es par la circulation sanguine, p\u00e9n\u00e8trent physiquement \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des fibres musculaires (le plus souvent dans les muscles gastrocn\u00e9miens, masticateurs et delto\u00efdes). La larve s\u2019enroule en spirale et s\u2019entoure d\u2019une capsule dense (encapsulation). Cela provoque un processus inflammatoire local (myosite), un \u0153d\u00e8me tissulaire et une douleur aigu\u00eb invalidante au moindre mouvement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/h2>\n\n

    La nature de la myalgie aide le m\u00e9decin \u00e0 \u00e9tablir le diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel :<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • courbatures diffuses (sensation de douleur sourde ou de g\u00eane dans les muscles et les articulations de l\u2019ensemble du corps)<\/strong> \u2014 associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une fi\u00e8vre \u00e9lev\u00e9e et \u00e0 des manifestations catarrhales, elles indiquent une infection virale respiratoire aigu\u00eb (IVRA). Dans ce cas, le traitement consiste \u00e0 administrer des anti-inflammatoires non st\u00e9ro\u00efdiens afin de bloquer la synth\u00e8se des prostaglandines ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • douleur musculaire localis\u00e9e et croissante<\/strong> \u2014 accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019un \u0153d\u00e8me facial, de fi\u00e8vre et d\u2019une \u00e9osinophilie \u00e9lev\u00e9e, elle constitue un signe pathognomonique de la trichinellose. Dans ce cas, l\u2019administration imm\u00e9diate de m\u00e9dicaments anthelminthiques est n\u00e9cessaire, parfois (dans les cas graves) en association avec des glucocortico\u00efdes syst\u00e9miques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      La myalgie (du grec myos<\/em> \u2014 muscle et algos<\/em> \u2014 douleur) est un syndrome douloureux de la musculature stri\u00e9e (squelettique). En infectiologie, ce sympt\u00f4me constitue l\u2019un des principaux marqueurs de la r\u00e9ponse inflammatoire syst\u00e9mique ou un signe d\u2019atteinte parasitaire directe du tissu musculaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8432","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMyalgie : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La myalgie (du grec myos \u2014 muscle et algos \u2014 douleur) est un syndrome douloureux de la musculature stri\u00e9e (squelettique). 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