{"id":8425,"date":"2026-10-22T16:36:24","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/infection-intra-uterine\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:36:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:30","slug":"infection-intra-uterine","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/infection-intra-uterine\/","title":{"rendered":"Infection intra-ut\u00e9rine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019infection intra-ut\u00e9rine (du lat. intra<\/em> \u2014 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, uterus<\/em> \u2014 ut\u00e9rus et infectio<\/em> \u2014 infection) est un groupe de maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires du f\u0153tus r\u00e9sultant de la transmission d\u2019un microorganisme pathog\u00e8ne par une m\u00e8re infect\u00e9e pendant la grossesse ou directement au cours de l\u2019accouchement.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/h2>\n\n

Les principaux agents pathog\u00e8nes responsables de cette pathologie sont ceux du complexe TORCH (toxoplasme, virus de la rub\u00e9ole, cytom\u00e9galovirus, virus Herpes simplex), ainsi que les agents de la syphilis, le virus Zika et le parvovirus B19.<\/p>\n\n

La principale voie d\u2019infection est la voie h\u00e9matog\u00e8ne (transplacentaire). Lorsqu\u2019une vir\u00e9mie, une bact\u00e9ri\u00e9mie ou une parasit\u00e9mie survient chez une femme enceinte, l\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne atteint le placenta par voie sanguine, franchit la barri\u00e8re placentaire et p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans la circulation sanguine f\u0153tale.<\/p>\n\n

La pathogen\u00e8se et la gravit\u00e9 des l\u00e9sions d\u00e9pendent du terme gestationnel (stade de la grossesse) auquel l\u2019infection est survenue :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • infection aux premier et deuxi\u00e8me trimestres<\/strong> (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement avant 20 semaines, pendant la p\u00e9riode d\u2019embryogen\u00e8se, de d\u00e9veloppement actif, de croissance et de maturation des organes et des tissus) \u2014 entra\u00eene une apoptose massive des cellules immatures et la formation de malformations (effet t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne), dont les cons\u00e9quences sont de gravit\u00e9 variable, aboutissant souvent \u00e0 une fausse couche spontan\u00e9e, \u00e0 une mort f\u0153tale in utero ou \u00e0 un retard de croissance intra-ut\u00e9rin ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • infection au troisi\u00e8me trimestre<\/strong> \u2014 les organes sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 form\u00e9s, le risque de malformations est faible, mais l\u2019infection peut entra\u00eener des complications tardives (par exemple, un retard du d\u00e9veloppement psychomoteur ou des troubles cognitifs).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/h2>\n\n

    Les infections intra-ut\u00e9rines constituent l\u2019une des principales causes de mortalit\u00e9 infantile, de mortinatalit\u00e9 et de handicap p\u00e9diatrique s\u00e9v\u00e8re (surdit\u00e9, c\u00e9cit\u00e9, malformations cardiaques, microc\u00e9phalie).<\/p>\n\n

    La difficult\u00e9 du diagnostic tient au fait que, chez la m\u00e8re elle-m\u00eame, ces infections (par exemple, l\u2019infection \u00e0 cytom\u00e9galovirus ou la toxoplasmose) sont le plus souvent asymptomatiques ou de forme l\u00e9g\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n

    Une pr\u00e9paration pr\u00e9conceptionnelle (d\u00e9pistage des infections avant la conception) ou un d\u00e9pistage s\u00e9rologique (ELISA) de toutes les femmes enceintes au premier trimestre est donc recommand\u00e9 afin d\u2019\u00e9valuer le risque de primo-infection du f\u0153tus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L\u2019infection intra-ut\u00e9rine (du lat. intra<\/em> \u2014 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, uterus<\/em> \u2014 ut\u00e9rus et infectio<\/em> \u2014 infection) est un groupe de maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires du f\u0153tus r\u00e9sultant de la transmission d\u2019un microorganisme pathog\u00e8ne par une m\u00e8re infect\u00e9e pendant la grossesse ou directement au cours de l\u2019accouchement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8425","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInfection intra-ut\u00e9rine : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019infection intra-ut\u00e9rine (du lat. intra \u2014 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, uterus \u2014 ut\u00e9rus et infectio \u2014 infection) est un groupe de maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires du f\u0153tus r\u00e9sultant de la transmission d\u2019un microorganisme 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