{"id":8418,"date":"2026-10-22T16:36:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:36:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:41","slug":"cellules-mononucleees-atypiques","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a-<\/em> \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos<\/em> \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos<\/em> \u2014 un et du latin nucleus<\/em> \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection.<\/p>\n\n

La pr\u00e9sence de cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques constitue le crit\u00e8re diagnostique le plus courant de la mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse caus\u00e9e par le virus d\u2019Epstein-Barr. Cependant, elles peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre observ\u00e9es dans d\u2019autres maladies virales et, parfois, dans des infections bact\u00e9riennes ou parasitaires ; elles ne constituent donc pas un signe sp\u00e9cifique de mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/h2>\n\n

La pathogen\u00e8se de l\u2019apparition de ces cellules refl\u00e8te une guerre de grande ampleur au sein du syst\u00e8me immunitaire. Lorsque le virus d\u2019Epstein-Barr p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans l\u2019organisme, il infecte principalement les lymphocytes B.<\/p>\n\n

En r\u00e9ponse, la partie saine du syst\u00e8me immunitaire mobilise une arm\u00e9e de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques (cellules CD8+) pour combattre les cellules infect\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n

Au cours de cette r\u00e9action aigu\u00eb, les lymphocytes T entrent dans un \u00e9tat d\u2019hyperactivation. Ils subissent une transformation physique :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • leur taille augmente consid\u00e9rablement ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • leur cytoplasme devient abondant ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • leur noyau acquiert un aspect l\u00e2che et une forme pliss\u00e9e ou r\u00e9niforme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Au microscope, ces cellules tueuses activ\u00e9es perdent l\u2019aspect classique d\u2019un lymphocyte normal, raison pour laquelle les h\u00e9matologues les ont qualifi\u00e9es d\u2019atypiques.<\/p>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/h2>\n\n

    La d\u00e9tection de cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques est une m\u00e9thode rapide et peu co\u00fbteuse de diagnostic de la mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse. Le biologiste m\u00e9dical en d\u00e9termine visuellement le nombre lors de l\u2019analyse de l\u2019h\u00e9mogramme (dans la formule leucocytaire).<\/p>\n\n

    Chez une personne en bonne sant\u00e9, ces cellules sont pratiquement absentes du sang. Si, dans un contexte de fi\u00e8vre, d\u2019angine et d\u2019ad\u00e9nopathies, la proportion de cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques dans le sang augmente, le diagnostic de mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse peut \u00eatre envisag\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

    \u00c0 mesure que survient la gu\u00e9rison et que les lymphocytes B infect\u00e9s sont d\u00e9truits, l\u2019hyperactivit\u00e9 des lymphocytes T diminue et les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques disparaissent de la circulation sanguine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a-<\/em> \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos<\/em> \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos<\/em> \u2014 un et du latin nucleus<\/em> \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8418","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a- \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos \u2014 un et du latin nucleus \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a- \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos \u2014 un et du latin nucleus \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Voka Wiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-22T13:36:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/glossaire\\\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/glossaire\\\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\\\/\",\"name\":\"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-22T13:36:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-22T13:36:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a- \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos \u2014 un et du latin nucleus \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/glossaire\\\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/glossaire\\\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/glossaire\\\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Glossaire\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/glossaire\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Voka Wiki\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Anatomy & Pathology Wiki by VOKA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\",\"alternateName\":\"VOKA\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"width\":70,\"height\":16,\"caption\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/voka.io\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/voka-io\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCqGGuOEpr62ScH8Pjk2q5zw\\\/videos\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/VokaAnatomyPro\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.threads.com\\\/@voka.io\"],\"description\":\"VOKA.io offers 3D medical animations and custom 3D modeling services. Our product, VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology, is a digital atlas with over 1,000 detailed 3D models of human anatomy and pathology, designed for medical education, training, and patient communication.\",\"email\":\"info@voka.io\",\"telephone\":\"+1 814 351 4442\",\"legalName\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\",\"foundingDate\":\"2017-02-12\",\"naics\":\"541512\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"51\",\"maxValue\":\"200\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wiki.voka.io\\\/fr\\\/principes-de-publication\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki","description":"Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a- \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos \u2014 un et du latin nucleus \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques","og_description":"Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a- \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos \u2014 un et du latin nucleus \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection.","og_url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/","og_site_name":"Voka Wiki","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/","article_modified_time":"2026-10-22T13:36:41+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/","name":"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-10-22T13:36:34+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-22T13:36:41+00:00","description":"Les cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques (du grec a- \u2014 n\u00e9gation, typos \u2014 mod\u00e8le, monos \u2014 un et du latin nucleus \u2014 noyau) sont de grandes cellules sanguines blanches (lymphocytes T activ\u00e9s), de forme arrondie ou irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et morphologiquement modifi\u00e9es, qui apparaissent en grand nombre dans la circulation sanguine p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une infection.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/cellules-mononucleees-atypiques\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Glossaire","item":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Cellules mononucl\u00e9\u00e9es atypiques"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/","name":"Voka Wiki","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Anatomy & Pathology Wiki by VOKA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization","name":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology","alternateName":"VOKA","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png","width":70,"height":16,"caption":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCqGGuOEpr62ScH8Pjk2q5zw\/videos","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/VokaAnatomyPro\/","https:\/\/www.threads.com\/@voka.io"],"description":"VOKA.io offers 3D medical animations and custom 3D modeling services. Our product, VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology, is a digital atlas with over 1,000 detailed 3D models of human anatomy and pathology, designed for medical education, training, and patient communication.","email":"info@voka.io","telephone":"+1 814 351 4442","legalName":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology","foundingDate":"2017-02-12","naics":"541512","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"51","maxValue":"200"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/principes-de-publication\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary_item\/8418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary_item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary_item"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}