{"id":7468,"date":"2026-07-23T14:03:08","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/lymphadenopathie\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:03:03","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:03:03","slug":"lymphadenopathie","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/lymphadenopathie\/","title":{"rendered":"Lymphad\u00e9nopathie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La lymphad\u00e9nopathie (du latin lympha<\/em> \u2014 humidit\u00e9, grec aden<\/em> \u2014 glande et pathos<\/em> \u2014 maladie) est un \u00e9tat pathologique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par l’augmentation de la taille d’un ou plusieurs ganglions lymphatiques.<\/p>\n\n

C’est l’un des syndromes cliniques les plus fr\u00e9quents dans les maladies infectieuses.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/h2>\n\n

Les ganglions lymphatiques sont des organes p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques du syst\u00e8me immunitaire, jouant le r\u00f4le de filtres biologiques. Ils \u00e9liminent de la lymphe diverses cellules pathologiques avec des particules \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Normalement, les ganglions lymphatiques sont remplis de lymphocytes T et B \u00ab dormants \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n

Lorsqu’un virus ou une bact\u00e9rie p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans le tissu, ils sont captur\u00e9s par les macrophages patrouilleurs, et le liquide tissulaire avec des antig\u00e8nes \u00e9trangers s’\u00e9coule par les vaisseaux lymphatiques vers le ganglion lymphatique le plus proche. L\u00e0, les antig\u00e8nes sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s aux lymphocytes.<\/p>\n\n

Un processus puissant d’expansion clonale est initi\u00e9 : les cellules immunitaires commencent \u00e0 se diviser rapidement et continuellement pour cr\u00e9er une arm\u00e9e afin de combattre l’agent pathog\u00e8ne. Le ganglion lymphatique augmente en raison de l’afflux actif de sang et de l’\u0153d\u00e8me inflammatoire local.<\/p>\n\n

La lymphad\u00e9nite est une lymphad\u00e9nopathie accompagn\u00e9e de signes d’inflammation (par exemple, rougeur de la peau (\u00e9ryth\u00e8me), douleur dans le ganglion lymphatique).<\/p>\n\n

Importance clinique<\/h2>\n\n

La lymphad\u00e9nopathie est class\u00e9e en locale (r\u00e9gionale) et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • locale (r\u00e9gionale)<\/strong> \u2014 une augmentation r\u00e9gionale des ganglions lymphatiques indique la pr\u00e9sence d’une infection locale (par exemple, les ganglions lymphatiques sous-mandibulaires sont un signe classique de l’angine streptococcique ou d’une atteinte virale de l’oropharynx) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e <\/strong> \u2014 les ganglions lymphatiques sont augment\u00e9s dans deux zones ind\u00e9pendantes ou plus du corps (au cou, aux aisselles, aux aines), ce qui t\u00e9moigne d’une infection syst\u00e9mique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    La lymphad\u00e9nopathie g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e est un sympt\u00f4me pathognomonique (sp\u00e9cifique) pour des maladies telles que l’infection VIH, l’infection \u00e0 cytom\u00e9galovirus et l’infection \u00e0 virus Epstein-Barr (mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse).<\/p>\n\n

    En l’absence de signes \u00e9vidents d’infection, une lymphad\u00e9nopathie persistante, indolore et ferme n\u00e9cessite une biopsie pour exclure les maladies h\u00e9matologiques malignes (lymphomes).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La lymphad\u00e9nopathie (du latin lympha<\/em> \u2014 humidit\u00e9, grec aden<\/em> \u2014 glande et pathos<\/em> \u2014 maladie) est un \u00e9tat pathologique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par l’augmentation de la taille d’un ou plusieurs ganglions lymphatiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7468","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLymphad\u00e9nopathie : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La lymphad\u00e9nopathie (du latin lympha \u2014 humidit\u00e9, grec aden \u2014 glande et pathos \u2014 maladie) est un \u00e9tat pathologique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par l'augmentation de la taille d'un ou plusieurs ganglions lymphatiques.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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