{"id":7454,"date":"2026-07-23T14:02:10","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/zoonose\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:02:05","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:05","slug":"zoonose","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/zoonose\/","title":{"rendered":"Zoonose"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Zoonose (du grec zoon<\/em> \u2014 animal et nosos<\/em> \u2014 maladie) : il s’agit d’un vaste groupe de maladies infectieuses dont les agents pathog\u00e8nes circulent naturellement parmi les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s mais peuvent, dans certaines conditions, \u00eatre transmis \u00e0 l’homme. <\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Les agents pathog\u00e8nes zoonotiques (virus, bact\u00e9ries, helminthes, protozoaires, prions) sont \u00e9volutivement adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 la vie dans leur r\u00e9servoir naturel (animaux sauvages ou domestiques), qui transportent souvent l’infection de mani\u00e8re asymptomatique.<\/p>\n\n

Les m\u00e9canismes de transmission des zoonoses sont extr\u00eamement vari\u00e9s. La contamination peut se faire par les voies suivantes :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • alimentaire<\/strong> \u2014 consommation de viande infect\u00e9e (par exemple, lors de la trichinose) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • par contact<\/strong> \u2014 morsure d’un animal malade (en cas de rage) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • transmissible<\/strong> \u2014 par les morsures d’arthropodes h\u00e9matophages (tiques ou moustiques) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • a\u00e9roport\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 inhalation de poussi\u00e8res avec des particules d’excr\u00e9ments d’animaux infect\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    Les zoonoses repr\u00e9sentent plus de 60 % de toutes les maladies infectieuses humaines connues.<\/p>\n\n

    Du point de vue clinique et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique, leur principale caract\u00e9ristique est que l’homme constitue pour la plupart des agents pathog\u00e8nes un \u00ab cul-de-sac \u00bb biologique. Une fois dans le corps humain, l’agent pathog\u00e8ne ne peut pas \u00eatre transmis plus loin (d’homme \u00e0 homme). Par exemple, un patient atteint de toxocarose ou d’enc\u00e9phalite \u00e0 tiques n’est pas contagieux pour son entourage.<\/p>\n\n

    Il est impossible de supprimer totalement les zoonoses, car cela n\u00e9cessiterait la destruction de tout le r\u00e9servoir naturel. Ainsi, les principales m\u00e9thodes de pr\u00e9vention en m\u00e9decine et en m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire sont :<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • traitement thermique de la viande ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • contr\u00f4le v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire et sanitaire strict ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • respect des r\u00e8gles d’hygi\u00e8ne personnelle et des mesures de pr\u00e9vention des infections ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • lutte contre les vecteurs (d\u00e9sinsectisation) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • vaccination planifi\u00e9e des animaux domestiques et d’\u00e9levage ainsi que des humains.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Zoonose (du grec zoon<\/em> \u2014 animal et nosos<\/em> \u2014 maladie) : il s’agit d’un vaste groupe de maladies infectieuses dont les agents pathog\u00e8nes circulent naturellement parmi les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s mais peuvent, dans certaines conditions, \u00eatre transmis \u00e0 l’homme. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7454","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZoonose : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zoonose (du grec zoon \u2014 animal et nosos \u2014 maladie) : il s'agit d'un vaste groupe de maladies infectieuses dont les agents pathog\u00e8nes circulent naturellement parmi les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s mais peuvent, dans certaines conditions, \u00eatre transmis \u00e0 l'homme.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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