{"id":7447,"date":"2026-07-23T14:02:20","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/sepsis-neonatal\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:02:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:14","slug":"sepsis-neonatal","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/sepsis-neonatal\/","title":{"rendered":"Sepsis n\u00e9onatal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le sepsis n\u00e9onatal (du grec n\u0113os<\/em> \u2014 nouveau, du latin natus<\/em> \u2014 naissance et du grec sepsis<\/em> \u2014 putr\u00e9faction) est un \u00e9tat mena\u00e7ant la vie, consistant en une r\u00e9action inflammatoire g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e syst\u00e9mique de l’organisme d’un nouveau-n\u00e9 en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l’infiltration d’un agent infectieux dans le syst\u00e8me sanguin.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

La maladie est classifi\u00e9e en sepsis \u00e0 d\u00e9but pr\u00e9coce (dans les 72 premi\u00e8res heures de vie) et \u00e0 d\u00e9but tardif.<\/p>\n\n

Le sepsis pr\u00e9coce est le plus souvent associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une transmission verticale : l’enfant est infect\u00e9 in utero ou, la plupart du temps, lors de son passage \u00e0 travers les voies g\u00e9nitales infect\u00e9es de la m\u00e8re (les pathog\u00e8nes typiques sont Streptococcus groupe B et Escherichia coli).<\/p>\n\n

La pathogen\u00e8se est due \u00e0 une insuffisance des m\u00e9canismes de barri\u00e8re des muqueuses et \u00e0 l’immaturit\u00e9 physiologique du syst\u00e8me immunitaire du nouveau-n\u00e9. Les facteurs de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 comprennent :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • une activit\u00e9 phagocytaire r\u00e9duite des leucocytes ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • un faible nombre de lymphocytes T auxiliaires et leur \u00ab\u00a0na\u00efvet\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • des niveaux faibles d’IgM et d’IgA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    En cons\u00e9quence, le pathog\u00e8ne franchit rapidement les barri\u00e8res locales de d\u00e9fense et p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans la circulation sanguine (bact\u00e9ri\u00e9mie).<\/p>\n\n

    L’organisme r\u00e9agit par une lib\u00e9ration massive de cytokines pro-inflammatoires (\u00ab temp\u00eate de cytokines \u00bb), pouvant conduire \u00e0 l’apparition d’un choc par activation du syst\u00e8me du compl\u00e9ment et de la cascade intrins\u00e8que de la coagulation.<\/p>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Le sepsis n\u00e9onatal se caract\u00e9rise par une \u00e9volution rapide, parfois fulgurante, et une mortalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e. La pr\u00e9sentation clinique chez les nouveau-n\u00e9s est souvent atypique.<\/p>\n\n

    Au lieu d’une fi\u00e8vre classique, les sympt\u00f4mes suivants peuvent \u00eatre observ\u00e9s :<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • hypothermie (diminution de la temp\u00e9rature corporelle) ou fluctuations de temp\u00e9rature ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • l\u00e9targie prononc\u00e9e ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • mauvaise succion ou refus de s’alimenter ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • p\u00e9riodes d’apn\u00e9e (arr\u00eat respiratoire) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • bradycardie\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • marbrures de la peau dues \u00e0 des alt\u00e9rations de la microcirculation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      Au moindre soup\u00e7on de sepsis, les m\u00e9decins initient imm\u00e9diatement une th\u00e9rapie antibiotique empirique combin\u00e9e par voie intraveineuse \u00e0 large spectre, sans attendre les r\u00e9sultats des cultures sanguines (qui prennent plusieurs jours).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Le sepsis n\u00e9onatal (du grec n\u0113os<\/em> \u2014 nouveau, du latin natus<\/em> \u2014 naissance et du grec sepsis<\/em> \u2014 putr\u00e9faction) est un \u00e9tat mena\u00e7ant la vie, consistant en une r\u00e9action inflammatoire g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e syst\u00e9mique de l’organisme d’un nouveau-n\u00e9 en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l’infiltration d’un agent infectieux dans le syst\u00e8me sanguin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7447","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSepsis n\u00e9onatal : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le sepsis n\u00e9onatal (du grec n\u0113os \u2014 nouveau, du latin natus \u2014 naissance et du grec sepsis \u2014 putr\u00e9faction) est un \u00e9tat mena\u00e7ant la vie, consistant en une r\u00e9action inflammatoire g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e syst\u00e9mique de l'organisme d'un 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