{"id":7440,"date":"2026-07-23T14:02:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/microcephalie\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:02:23","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:23","slug":"microcephalie","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/microcephalie\/","title":{"rendered":"Microc\u00e9phalie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La microc\u00e9phalie (du grec mikros<\/em> \u2014 petit et kephale<\/em> \u2014 t\u00eate) est une grave malformation caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une r\u00e9duction significative des dimensions du cr\u00e2ne (la circonf\u00e9rence de la t\u00eate \u00e0 la naissance est inf\u00e9rieure au 2\u00e8me percentile) et de la masse de l’enc\u00e9phale par rapport aux normes pour l’\u00e2ge et le sexe. <\/p>\n\n

En infectiologie, cet \u00e9tat est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’un des crit\u00e8res d’une infection intra-ut\u00e9rine pass\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Selon le m\u00e9canisme d’apparition, la microc\u00e9phalie se divise en primaire (g\u00e9n\u00e9tique) et secondaire.<\/p>\n\n

La forme secondaire est souvent d’origine infectieuse et associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l’action des pathog\u00e8nes du complexe TORCH (cytom\u00e9galovirus, virus de la rub\u00e9ole, toxoplasme) ou du virus Zika sur le f\u0153tus en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir travers\u00e9 la barri\u00e8re placentaire, ces virus, poss\u00e9dant une neurotropie, provoquent la mort des neurones et perturbent la prolif\u00e9ration et la diff\u00e9renciation des cellules nerveuses. Les perturbations du d\u00e9veloppement et de la formation de l’enc\u00e9phale sont accompagn\u00e9es de calcification et de ralentissement de la croissance des os du cr\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n\n

Importance clinique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

La microc\u00e9phalie d’origine infectieuse est un \u00e9tat irr\u00e9versible. Elle est toujours accompagn\u00e9e de :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • un d\u00e9ficit neurologique s\u00e9v\u00e8re ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • des troubles graves du d\u00e9veloppement psycho-neurologique ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • un syndrome convulsif (\u00e9pilepsie) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • des troubles de la vision et de l’ou\u00efe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Le diagnostic peut \u00eatre suspect\u00e9 pendant la grossesse lors d’une \u00e9chographie de routine du f\u0153tus (\u00e0 partir du deuxi\u00e8me trimestre) en mesurant le diam\u00e8tre bipari\u00e9tal de la t\u00eate.<\/p>\n\n

    Il n’existe pas de traitement sp\u00e9cifique. La th\u00e9rapie est exclusivement palliative et symptomatique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La microc\u00e9phalie (du grec mikros<\/em> \u2014 petit et kephale<\/em> \u2014 t\u00eate) est une grave malformation caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une r\u00e9duction significative des dimensions du cr\u00e2ne (la circonf\u00e9rence de la t\u00eate \u00e0 la naissance est inf\u00e9rieure au 2\u00e8me percentile) et de la masse de l’enc\u00e9phale par rapport aux normes pour l’\u00e2ge et le sexe. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7440","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMicroc\u00e9phalie : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La microc\u00e9phalie (du grec mikros \u2014 petit et kephale \u2014 t\u00eate) est une grave malformation caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une r\u00e9duction significative des dimensions du cr\u00e2ne (la circonf\u00e9rence de la t\u00eate \u00e0 la naissance est inf\u00e9rieure au 2\u00e8me 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