{"id":7412,"date":"2026-07-23T14:02:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/effet-teratogene\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:02:41","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:02:41","slug":"effet-teratogene","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/effet-teratogene\/","title":{"rendered":"Effet t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Effet t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne (du grec teras<\/em> \u2014 monstre et genes<\/em> \u2014 g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur) \u2014 c’est la capacit\u00e9 des facteurs environnementaux (virus, m\u00e9dicaments, radiations) de provoquer de graves anomalies du d\u00e9veloppement du f\u0153tus, entra\u00eenant des malformations cong\u00e9nitales (anomalies), des fausses couches ou des morts-n\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Le m\u00e9canisme de la t\u00e9ratogen\u00e8se est li\u00e9 \u00e0 la l\u00e9sure directe des cellules f\u0153tales ou \u00e0 l’alt\u00e9ration de leurs processus de division et de migration. Le degr\u00e9 de l\u00e9sure d\u00e9pend directement de la p\u00e9riode de la grossesse.<\/p>\n\n

La p\u00e9riode de diff\u00e9renciation cellulaire et tissulaire et d’organogen\u00e8se (de la 3e \u00e0 la 10e semaine), lorsque les principaux syst\u00e8mes d’organes se forment, est la plus critique.<\/p>\n\n

Les agents infectieux agissent comme de puissants t\u00e9ratog\u00e8nes. Ils pr\u00e9sentent un tropisme pour les cellules \u00e0 division rapide, affectant les tissus vitaux de l’embryon en d\u00e9veloppement, tels que :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • le neuroectoderme ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • l’endoth\u00e9lium vasculaire ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • les pr\u00e9curseurs des cardiomyocytes ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • les cellules du v\u00e9sicule optique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    L’atteinte de ces tissus provoque des perturbations dans le d\u00e9veloppement des organes, syst\u00e8mes et parties du corps (par exemple, il peut y avoir une absence partielle ou totale de membres, des malformations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales, cardiaques, oculaires).<\/p>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    En infectiologie, la connaissance des risques t\u00e9ratog\u00e8nes est essentielle pour la gestion des femmes enceintes. Lors d’une infection en d\u00e9but de grossesse, le risque d’anomalies graves est maximal.<\/p>\n\n

    Pour r\u00e9duire les risques t\u00e9ratog\u00e8nes en m\u00e9decine, les approches suivantes sont utilis\u00e9es :<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • utilisation de la classification de la FDA<\/strong> \u2014 permet d’\u00e9valuer les m\u00e9dicaments prescrits en fonction de leur danger pour le f\u0153tus ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • vaccination lors de la planification de la grossesse<\/strong> \u2014 les m\u00e9decins recommandent la vaccination contre les infections \u00ab t\u00e9ratog\u00e8nes \u00bb (principalement contre la rub\u00e9ole et la varicelle), car c’est le seul moyen fiable de pr\u00e9venir l’effet du virus sur l’embryon en cas de contact de la m\u00e8re avec une personne malade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Effet t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne (du grec teras<\/em> \u2014 monstre et genes<\/em> \u2014 g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur) \u2014 c’est la capacit\u00e9 des facteurs environnementaux (virus, m\u00e9dicaments, radiations) de provoquer de graves anomalies du d\u00e9veloppement du f\u0153tus, entra\u00eenant des malformations cong\u00e9nitales (anomalies), des fausses couches ou des morts-n\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7412","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEffet t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Effet t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne (du grec teras \u2014 monstre et genes \u2014 g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur) \u2014 c'est la capacit\u00e9 des facteurs environnementaux (virus, m\u00e9dicaments, radiations) de provoquer de graves anomalies du d\u00e9veloppement du f\u0153tus, entra\u00eenant des malformations 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