{"id":7312,"date":"2026-06-11T10:14:01","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T07:14:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/virion\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:05:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:05:01","slug":"virion","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/virion\/","title":{"rendered":"Virion"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le virion (du latin virus<\/em> \u2014 poison et du grec suffixe -ion<\/em>, d\u00e9signant une particule) \u2014 c’est une unit\u00e9 infectieuse virale compl\u00e8te et structurellement mature. Elle repr\u00e9sente une phase du cycle de vie du virus situ\u00e9e en dehors de la cellule-h\u00f4te, servant exclusivement au transport du g\u00e9nome viral vers de nouveaux tissus sensibles.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Les virions ne sont pas des micro-organismes vivants (ils ne poss\u00e8dent pas de structure cellulaire, ne peuvent pas produire de l’\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire et produire des prot\u00e9ines pour former leurs particules).<\/p>\n\n

La structure d’un virion peut inclure les composants suivants :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • nucl\u00e9ocapside<\/strong> \u2014 compos\u00e9e d’une capside (enveloppe prot\u00e9ique) et de l’acide nucl\u00e9ique qu’elle contient (une ou plusieurs mol\u00e9cules du g\u00e9nome d’ARN ou d’ADN simple ou double brin) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • prot\u00e9ine virale (spicules)<\/strong> \u2014 peuvent \u00e9merger de la capside chez certains virus (par exemple, chez les coronavirus) et sont utilis\u00e9es pour \u00e9tablir un contact avec la cellule-h\u00f4te ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Enveloppe virale (supercapside)<\/strong> \u2014 membrane externe pr\u00e9sente chez de nombreux virus (par exemple, les virus grippaux, les coronavirus, le VIH), comprenant une double couche lipidique et des prot\u00e9ines de surface n\u00e9cessaires pour former l’enveloppe lors de la sortie de la cellule. Cette structure aide \u00e0 se fixer \u00e0 la cellule et \u00e0 \u00e9chapper au syst\u00e8me immunitaire pendant que le virion cherche une cellule \u00e0 infecter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    La compr\u00e9hension de l’organisation structurelle des virions est essentielle pour l’\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et la pharmacologie. Les virions qui poss\u00e8dent une enveloppe lipidique externe sont vuln\u00e9rables aux agents tensioactifs.<\/p>\n\n

    C’est pourquoi le lavage minutieux des mains avec du savon ou le traitement avec un antiseptique \u00e0 base d’alcool dissout physiquement la couche lipidique, d\u00e9truisant ainsi irr\u00e9versiblement le virion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le virion (du latin virus<\/em> \u2014 poison et du grec suffixe -ion<\/em>, d\u00e9signant une particule) \u2014 c’est une unit\u00e9 infectieuse virale compl\u00e8te et structurellement mature. Elle repr\u00e9sente une phase du cycle de vie du virus situ\u00e9e en dehors de la cellule-h\u00f4te, servant exclusivement au transport du g\u00e9nome viral vers de nouveaux tissus sensibles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7312","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVirion : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le virion (du latin virus \u2014 poison et du grec suffixe -ion, d\u00e9signant une particule) \u2014 c'est une unit\u00e9 infectieuse virale compl\u00e8te et structurellement mature. Elle repr\u00e9sente une phase du cycle de vie du virus situ\u00e9e en dehors de la cellule-h\u00f4te, servant exclusivement au transport du g\u00e9nome viral vers de nouveaux tissus sensibles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/virion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Virion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le virion (du latin virus \u2014 poison et du grec suffixe -ion, d\u00e9signant une particule) \u2014 c'est une unit\u00e9 infectieuse virale compl\u00e8te et structurellement mature. 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