{"id":7298,"date":"2026-06-11T10:13:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T07:13:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/virus-epstein-barr\/"},"modified":"2026-07-23T14:05:24","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T11:05:24","slug":"virus-epstein-barr","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/virus-epstein-barr\/","title":{"rendered":"Virus d’Epstein-Barr"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le virus d’Epstein-Barr (nomm\u00e9 d’apr\u00e8s les chercheurs qui l’ont d\u00e9couvert, Michael Epstein et Yvonne Barr<\/em>) est l’un des virus humains les plus courants, appartenant \u00e0 la sous-famille des gammaherp\u00e8svirus. Il est le principal facteur \u00e9tiologique dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Le virus, comme d’autres membres de la famille des herp\u00e8svirus, est transmis par la salive lors de contacts \u00e9troits (la soi-disant \u00ab maladie du baiser \u00bb). En p\u00e9n\u00e9trant dans le pharynx oral, le virus s’introduit dans les cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales des muqueuses, o\u00f9 il se multiplie activement, puis infecte les lymphocytes B (cellules immunitaires responsables de la production d’anticorps).<\/p>\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l’infection, le virus reste dans l’h\u00f4te \u00e0 vie, principalement dans les lymphocytes B. Au cours de la vie, il y a une excr\u00e9tion p\u00e9riodique spontan\u00e9e et asymptomatique du virus par la salive.<\/p>\n\n

Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Dans la plupart des cas, l’infection est asymptomatique. Cependant, chez les jeunes enfants et les adolescents, une mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse classique se d\u00e9veloppe.<\/p>\n\n

Elle se manifeste par les sympt\u00f4mes suivants :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • fi\u00e8vre \u00e9lev\u00e9e et persistante<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • angine<\/strong> avec des enduits \u00e9pais sur les amygdales ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • lymphad\u00e9nopathie<\/strong> (augmentation des ganglions lymphatiques) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • h\u00e9patospl\u00e9nom\u00e9galie<\/strong> (augmentation du foie et de la rate).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    La rupture de la rate augment\u00e9e \u00e0 la suite d’un traumatisme est une complication rare mais mortelle.<\/p>\n\n

    Il n’existe pas de th\u00e9rapie antivirale sp\u00e9cifique ou de vaccin contre le virus d’Epstein-Barr. Le virus poss\u00e8de un potentiel oncog\u00e9nique av\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

    Les patients ayant des d\u00e9ficits immunitaires sont \u00e0 risque de d\u00e9velopper des cancers associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l’EBV, comme :<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • les lymphomes divers<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • le cancer du nasopharynx<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Le virus d’Epstein-Barr (nomm\u00e9 d’apr\u00e8s les chercheurs qui l’ont d\u00e9couvert, Michael Epstein et Yvonne Barr<\/em>) est l’un des virus humains les plus courants, appartenant \u00e0 la sous-famille des gammaherp\u00e8svirus. Il est le principal facteur \u00e9tiologique dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la mononucl\u00e9ose infectieuse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-7298","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVirus d'Epstein-Barr : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le virus d'Epstein-Barr (nomm\u00e9 d'apr\u00e8s les chercheurs qui l'ont d\u00e9couvert, Michael Epstein et Yvonne Barr) est l'un des virus humains les plus courants, appartenant \u00e0 la sous-famille des gammaherp\u00e8svirus. 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