{"id":6302,"date":"2026-03-16T13:02:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T10:02:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/pneumothorax\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T13:55:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T10:55:43","slug":"pneumothorax","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/pneumothorax\/","title":{"rendered":"Pneumothorax"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Pneumothorax (du grec <em>pneuma<\/em> \u2014 air et <em>thorax<\/em> \u2014 cage thoracique) est une accumulation pathologique d&rsquo;air ou de gaz dans la cavit\u00e9 pleurale. La pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;air libre perturbe la pression n\u00e9gative physiologique dans la cavit\u00e9 pleurale, entra\u00eenant un affaissement partiel ou total du tissu pulmonaire affect\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>En temps normal, la cavit\u00e9 pleurale est compl\u00e8tement \u00e9tanche, et la pression y est toujours inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re. En cas de traumatisme thoracique ferm\u00e9 ou ouvert, ce syst\u00e8me est d\u00e9pressuris\u00e9. En traumatologie, c&rsquo;est la complication la plus fr\u00e9quente et la plus mena\u00e7ante des fractures des c\u00f4tes ou de la clavicule lorsque l&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 aigu\u00eb de l&rsquo;os bris\u00e9 perce la pl\u00e8vre.<\/p>\n\n<p>L&rsquo;air s&rsquo;engouffre dans la cavit\u00e9 pleurale, d\u00e9sactivant le poumon du processus respiratoire. Le pneumothorax sous tension, ou valvulaire, est le plus dangereux. Dans ce cas, les tissus mous endommag\u00e9s agissent comme une valve unilat\u00e9rale : l&rsquo;air entre librement dans la cavit\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque inspiration mais ne peut en sortir lors de l&rsquo;expiration. Cela conduit \u00e0 un affaissement du poumon du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la blessure, suivi d&rsquo;un d\u00e9placement du m\u00e9diastin vers le c\u00f4t\u00e9 sain avec une alt\u00e9ration ult\u00e9rieure de sa fonction. Une complication redoutable est le pliage des veines caves en raison du d\u00e9placement du c\u0153ur. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>La triade clinique se compose de douleurs thoraciques aigu\u00ebs et poignardantes, d&rsquo;une dyspn\u00e9e s\u00e9v\u00e8re et d&rsquo;une tachycardie. \u00c0 l&rsquo;auscultation, les bruits respiratoires du c\u00f4t\u00e9 affect\u00e9 sont fortement att\u00e9nu\u00e9s ou compl\u00e8tement absents. Le patient adopte une position assise forc\u00e9e et cherche l&rsquo;air avec sa bouche.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le diagnostic est confirm\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re fiable par une radiographie thoracique de profil. Le traitement du pneumothorax traumatique ne souffre aucune remise et n\u00e9cessite un drainage d&rsquo;urgence de la cavit\u00e9 pleurale pour \u00e9vacuer l&rsquo;air accumul\u00e9 et permettre le plein d\u00e9ploiement du poumon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pneumothorax (du grec <em>pneuma<\/em> \u2014 air et <em>thorax<\/em> \u2014 cage thoracique) est une accumulation pathologique d&rsquo;air ou de gaz dans la cavit\u00e9 pleurale. La pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;air libre perturbe la pression n\u00e9gative physiologique dans la cavit\u00e9 pleurale, entra\u00eenant un affaissement partiel ou total du tissu pulmonaire affect\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-6302","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pneumothorax : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pneumothorax (du grec pneuma \u2014 air et thorax \u2014 cage thoracique) est une accumulation pathologique d&#039;air ou de gaz dans la cavit\u00e9 pleurale. 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