{"id":3901,"date":"2026-02-26T16:53:59","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:53:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/col-de-luterus\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T18:38:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T15:38:25","slug":"col-de-luterus","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/col-de-luterus\/","title":{"rendered":"Col de l’ut\u00e9rus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le col de l’ut\u00e9rus (lat. cervix uteri<\/em>) est le segment fibreux-musculaire inf\u00e9rieur de l’ut\u00e9rus, de forme cylindrique ou conique, qui fait saillie dans la lumi\u00e8re du vagin et le relie \u00e0 la cavit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine par un canal cervical \u00e9troit.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Le col de l’ut\u00e9rus fonctionne comme une valve biologique complexe et une barri\u00e8re immunologique. La glaire cervicale contient du lysozyme, de la lactoferrine et des IgA s\u00e9cr\u00e9toires, prot\u00e9geant la cavit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine st\u00e9rile des infections ascendantes. Histologiquement, le col pr\u00e9sente deux zones\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Exocervix (partie vaginale) :<\/strong> recouvert d’un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium stratifi\u00e9 pavimenteux non k\u00e9ratinis\u00e9, riche en glycog\u00e8ne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Endocervix (canal) :<\/strong> tapiss\u00e9 d’un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium cylindrique monostratifi\u00e9 produisant de la glaire. La jonction \u00e9pith\u00e9liale (zone de transformation<\/strong>) est une zone d’activit\u00e9 mitotique \u00e9lev\u00e9e et de persistance du virus du papillome humain (VPH), o\u00f9 d\u00e9bute la dysplasie et le cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    L’inflammation du col de l’ut\u00e9rus (cervicite<\/strong>) est une pathologie tr\u00e8s courante. L’anatomie de l’\u00e9pith\u00e9lium d\u00e9termine le tropisme des infections\u00a0: les gonocoques et les chlamydias affectent l’\u00e9pith\u00e9lium cylindrique du canal, tandis que les virus de l’herp\u00e8s et les trichomonas affectent l’\u00e9pith\u00e9lium pavimenteux de l’exocervix. Pendant l’accouchement, le col de l’ut\u00e9rus subit une r\u00e9organisation structurelle (effacement et dilatation jusqu’\u00e0 10 cm), permettant le passage du f\u0153tus. L’insuffisance isthmique-cervicale (faiblesse de l’appareil occlusif) est la principale cause des fausses couches tardives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le col de l’ut\u00e9rus (lat. cervix uteri<\/em>) est le segment fibreux-musculaire inf\u00e9rieur de l’ut\u00e9rus, de forme cylindrique ou conique, qui fait saillie dans la lumi\u00e8re du vagin et le relie \u00e0 la cavit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine par un canal cervical \u00e9troit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3901","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCol de l'ut\u00e9rus : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le col de l'ut\u00e9rus (lat. cervix uteri) est le segment fibreux-musculaire inf\u00e9rieur de l'ut\u00e9rus, de forme cylindrique ou conique, qui fait saillie dans la lumi\u00e8re du vagin et le relie \u00e0 la cavit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine par un canal cervical \u00e9troit.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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