{"id":3828,"date":"2026-03-16T13:02:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T10:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/acromion\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T18:36:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T15:36:09","slug":"acromion","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/","title":{"rendered":"Acromion"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L’acromion (du grec akron<\/em> \u2014 extr\u00e9mit\u00e9, sommet et omos<\/em> \u2014 \u00e9paule) est une grande saillie osseuse aplatie de l’omoplate de forme triangulaire, \u00e9tant une extension lat\u00e9rale de son \u00e9pine.<\/p>\n\n

Il surplombe la t\u00eate de l’hum\u00e9rus, formant une sorte de \u00ab toit \u00bb de l’articulation gl\u00e9no-hum\u00e9rale, et sert de point d’articulation de l’omoplate avec la clavicule.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

L’acromion joue un r\u00f4le fondamental dans la biom\u00e9canique de la ceinture scapulaire. De puissants faisceaux des muscles delto\u00efde et trap\u00e8ze s’attachent \u00e0 sa surface sup\u00e9rieure rugueuse et \u00e0 ses bords. Sur le bord ant\u00e9ro-interne du processus se trouve une petite facette articulaire, formant avec la clavicule une articulation acromio-claviculaire peu mobile.<\/p>\n\n

La caract\u00e9ristique anatomique la plus importante est la forme de la surface inf\u00e9rieure de l’acromion, orient\u00e9e vers la coiffe des rotateurs de l’\u00e9paule. Selon la classification morphologique de Bigliani, trois types de structures sont distingu\u00e9s : plat, courb\u00e9 et en crochet.<\/p>\n\n

La forme en crochet du processus, ainsi que la formation d’ost\u00e9ophytes (excroissances osseuses) li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge, r\u00e9duisent de mani\u00e8re critique l’espace sous-acromial. Cela conduit \u00e0 un conflit m\u00e9canique : lors de l’\u00e9l\u00e9vation du bras, le tendon du muscle supra-\u00e9pineux est pinc\u00e9 entre la t\u00eate de l’\u00e9paule et le bord de l’acromion.<\/p>\n\n

Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

L’anatomie pathologique de l’acromion est la principale cause du d\u00e9veloppement du syndrome d’impingement de l’\u00e9paule. La traumatisation chronique de la coiffe des rotateurs par cette saillie osseuse conduit \u00e0 des bursites persistantes et \u00e0 des d\u00e9chirures d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives des tendons, n\u00e9cessitant la r\u00e9section chirurgicale d’une partie du processus.<\/p>\n\n

Les fractures isol\u00e9es de l’acromion sont rares et surviennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement lors d’un coup direct et s\u00e9v\u00e8re sur le dessus de l’\u00e9paule. Dans le diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel, il est important de se rappeler l’existence d’une anomalie cong\u00e9nitale \u2014 la non-union des points d’ossification de l’acromion, lorsque sa partie extr\u00eame reste mobile et peut \u00eatre \u00e0 tort interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e comme une fracture r\u00e9cente sur une radiographie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Acromion (du grec akron<\/em> \u2014 extr\u00e9mit\u00e9, sommet et omos \u2014 \u00e9paule) est une grande saillie osseuse aplatie de l’omoplate de forme triangulaire, constituant la prolongation lat\u00e9rale de son \u00e9pine. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3828","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAcromion : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Acromion (du grec akron \u2014 extr\u00e9mit\u00e9, sommet et omos \u2014 \u00e9paule) est une grande saillie osseuse aplatie de l'omoplate de forme triangulaire, constituant la prolongation lat\u00e9rale de son \u00e9pine.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Acromion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Acromion (du grec akron \u2014 extr\u00e9mit\u00e9, sommet et omos \u2014 \u00e9paule) est une grande saillie osseuse aplatie de l'omoplate de forme triangulaire, constituant la prolongation lat\u00e9rale de son \u00e9pine.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Voka Wiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-01T15:36:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/\",\"name\":\"Acromion : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-16T10:02:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-01T15:36:09+00:00\",\"description\":\"Acromion (du grec akron \u2014 extr\u00e9mit\u00e9, sommet et omos \u2014 \u00e9paule) est une grande saillie osseuse aplatie de l'omoplate de forme triangulaire, constituant la prolongation lat\u00e9rale de son \u00e9pine.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossary\/acromion\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Glossaire\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Acromion\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Voka Wiki\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Anatomy & Pathology Wiki by VOKA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\",\"alternateName\":\"VOKA\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"width\":70,\"height\":16,\"caption\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCqGGuOEpr62ScH8Pjk2q5zw\/videos\",\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/VokaAnatomyPro\/\",\"https:\/\/www.threads.com\/@voka.io\"],\"description\":\"VOKA.io offers 3D medical animations and custom 3D modeling services. 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