{"id":3470,"date":"2026-02-26T16:53:33","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/myometre\/"},"modified":"2026-02-26T16:53:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:53:37","slug":"myometre","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/","title":{"rendered":"Myom\u00e8tre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys<\/em> – muscle, metra<\/em> – ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d’origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes). <\/p>\n\n

Ces cellules sont regroup\u00e9es par du tissu conjonctif et forment un syncytium fonctionnel tridimensionnel complexe qui assure l’activit\u00e9 contractile de l’organe.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

L’organisation structurelle du myom\u00e8tre comprend trois couches indistinctement diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es : sous-muqueuse (sous-endom\u00e9triale), vasculaire (moyenne, la plus puissante, avec un parcours oblique et circulaire des fibres) et sous-s\u00e9reuse (externe, avec un parcours longitudinal des fibres). <\/p>\n\n

Les l\u00e9iomyocytes ut\u00e9rins pr\u00e9sentent une plasticit\u00e9 ph\u00e9notypique unique : pendant la grossesse, sous l’influence des \u0153strog\u00e8nes et de l’\u00e9tirement m\u00e9canique, ils subissent une hypertrophie (le volume cellulaire est multipli\u00e9 par 50) et une hyperplasie consid\u00e9rables. <\/p>\n\n

L’activit\u00e9 contractile est r\u00e9gul\u00e9e par la concentration intracellulaire de calcium et l’expression des r\u00e9cepteurs de l’ocytocine, des prostaglandines et des alpha-adr\u00e9nomim\u00e9tiques, dont la densit\u00e9 augmente consid\u00e9rablement au moment de l’accouchement. La couche sous-endom\u00e9triale joue un r\u00f4le particulier en assurant le p\u00e9ristaltisme ut\u00e9rin en dehors de la grossesse. <\/p>\n\n

Signification clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Le myom\u00e8tre est \u00e0 l’origine du d\u00e9veloppement du l\u00e9iomyome <\/strong>, le n\u00e9oplasme monoclonal b\u00e9nin le plus fr\u00e9quent chez les femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er. L’architecture de la couche moyenne du myom\u00e8tre assure l’h\u00e9mostase m\u00e9canique au cours de la troisi\u00e8me p\u00e9riode du travail : les faisceaux musculaires crois\u00e9s se contractent et r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissent la lumi\u00e8re des art\u00e8res spiral\u00e9es b\u00e9antes du site placentaire (m\u00e9canisme des \u00ab\u00a0ligatures vivantes\u00a0\u00bb). Les troubles de la contractilit\u00e9 (atonie ou hypotonie) entra\u00eenent des h\u00e9morragies obst\u00e9tricales massives qui mettent en jeu le pronostic vital. La pathologie myom\u00e9triale comprend \u00e9galement l’ad\u00e9nomyose<\/strong>, dans laquelle un tissu semblable \u00e0 l’endom\u00e8tre est d\u00e9fini dans la couche musculaire, provoquant une hyperplasie myom\u00e9triale r\u00e9active et une transformation globulaire de l’ut\u00e9rus. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys<\/em> – muscle, metra<\/em> – ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d’origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3470","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMyom\u00e8tre : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys - muscle, metra - ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d'origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Myom\u00e8tre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys - muscle, metra - ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d'origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Voka Wiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-26T13:53:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/\",\"name\":\"Myom\u00e8tre : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-26T13:53:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-26T13:53:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys - muscle, metra - ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d'origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes).\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Myom\u00e8tre\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Voka Wiki\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Anatomy & Pathology Wiki by VOKA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\",\"alternateName\":\"VOKA\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png\",\"width\":70,\"height\":16,\"caption\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCqGGuOEpr62ScH8Pjk2q5zw\/videos\",\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/VokaAnatomyPro\/\",\"https:\/\/www.threads.com\/@voka.io\"],\"description\":\"VOKA.io offers 3D medical animations and custom 3D modeling services. Our product, VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology, is a digital atlas with over 1,000 detailed 3D models of human anatomy and pathology, designed for medical education, training, and patient communication.\",\"email\":\"info@voka.io\",\"telephone\":\"+1 814 351 4442\",\"legalName\":\"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology\",\"foundingDate\":\"2017-02-12\",\"naics\":\"541512\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"51\",\"maxValue\":\"200\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/principes-de-publication\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Myom\u00e8tre : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki","description":"Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys - muscle, metra - ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d'origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes).","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Myom\u00e8tre","og_description":"Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys - muscle, metra - ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d'origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes).","og_url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/","og_site_name":"Voka Wiki","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/","article_modified_time":"2026-02-26T13:53:37+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/","name":"Myom\u00e8tre : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-02-26T13:53:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-26T13:53:37+00:00","description":"Le myom\u00e8tre (du grec mys - muscle, metra - ut\u00e9rus) est la couche moyenne, la plus massive, de la paroi ut\u00e9rine, d'origine m\u00e9senchymateuse, form\u00e9e de cellules musculaires lisses (l\u00e9iomyocytes).","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/myometre\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Myom\u00e8tre"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/","name":"Voka Wiki","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Anatomy & Pathology Wiki by VOKA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#organization","name":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology","alternateName":"VOKA","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-voka-logo-1.png","width":70,"height":16,"caption":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCqGGuOEpr62ScH8Pjk2q5zw\/videos","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/VokaAnatomyPro\/","https:\/\/www.threads.com\/@voka.io"],"description":"VOKA.io offers 3D medical animations and custom 3D modeling services. Our product, VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology, is a digital atlas with over 1,000 detailed 3D models of human anatomy and pathology, designed for medical education, training, and patient communication.","email":"info@voka.io","telephone":"+1 814 351 4442","legalName":"Voka 3D Anatomy & Pathology","foundingDate":"2017-02-12","naics":"541512","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"51","maxValue":"200"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/principes-de-publication\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary_item\/3470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary_item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary_item"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}