{"id":3361,"date":"2026-02-26T16:55:26","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/lactobacilles\/"},"modified":"2026-02-26T16:55:23","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:55:23","slug":"lactobacilles","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/lactobacilles\/","title":{"rendered":"Lactobacillus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lactobacillus spp. <\/em>est un genre de bact\u00e9ries Gram-positives, non sporul\u00e9es, ana\u00e9robies facultatives ou microa\u00e9rophiles. Elles dominent obligatoirement (95 \u00e0 98 % de la masse bact\u00e9rienne totale) le microbiote vaginal d’une femme en bonne sant\u00e9 et en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er. <\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Les esp\u00e8ces les plus communes dans le biotope vaginal sont L. crispatus<\/em>, L. jensenii<\/em>, L. gasseri<\/em> et L. iners<\/em>. Leur r\u00f4le physiologique est de fournir une r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la colonisation par le biais de trois m\u00e9canismes : <\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Acidog\u00e9n\u00e8se : <\/strong>les lactobacilles fermentent le glycog\u00e8ne contenu dans les cellules matures de l’\u00e9pith\u00e9lium vaginal pour former de l’acide lactique. Cela maintient le pH de l’environnement entre 3,8 et 4,5, cr\u00e9ant des conditions d\u00e9favorables \u00e0 la croissance des micro-organismes pathog\u00e8nes et opportunistes. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Synth\u00e8se de peroxyde d’hydrog\u00e8ne (H\u2082O\u2082) :<\/strong> De nombreuses souches produisent du H\u2082O\u2082 qui, en pr\u00e9sence de my\u00e9loperoxydase, a un puissant effet bact\u00e9ricide sur les ana\u00e9robies catalase-n\u00e9gatifs (par exemple Gardnerella vaginalis<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Adh\u00e9sion comp\u00e9titive :<\/strong> les bact\u00e9ries recouvrent dens\u00e9ment les r\u00e9cepteurs \u00e0 la surface des \u00e9pith\u00e9liocytes, formant un biofilm protecteur et emp\u00eachant physiquement l’adh\u00e9sion des pathog\u00e8nes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Signification clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    La diminution du titre de lactobacilles (moins de 10\u2076 UFC\/ml<\/strong>) ou le remplacement des souches productrices de H\u2082O\u2082 par des souches inactives est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la pathogen\u00e8se de la vaginose bact\u00e9rienne<\/strong>, de la vaginite a\u00e9robie et de la candidose. Dans la vaginite atrophique<\/strong> post-m\u00e9nopausique, la carence en \u0153strog\u00e8nes entra\u00eene l’arr\u00eat de la maturation \u00e9pith\u00e9liale et la disparition du glycog\u00e8ne. Ceci prive les lactobacilles de substrat nutritif, entra\u00eene leur \u00e9limination, l’alcalinisation du milieu et le d\u00e9veloppement d’une dysbiose. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Lactobacillus spp. <\/em>est un genre de bact\u00e9ries Gram-positives, non sporul\u00e9es, ana\u00e9robies facultatives ou microa\u00e9rophiles. Elles dominent obligatoirement (95 \u00e0 98 % de la masse bact\u00e9rienne totale) le microbiote vaginal d’une femme en bonne sant\u00e9 et en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3361","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLactobacillus : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lactobacillus spp. est un genre de bact\u00e9ries Gram-positives, non sporul\u00e9es, ana\u00e9robies facultatives ou microa\u00e9rophiles. 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