{"id":1490,"date":"2025-09-18T12:19:02","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T09:19:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/surdite-de-transmission\/"},"modified":"2025-10-10T17:36:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T14:36:03","slug":"surdite-de-transmission","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/surdite-de-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"Surdit\u00e9 de transmission"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La surdit\u00e9 de transmission est un type de perte auditive caus\u00e9 par une perturbation de la conduction des ondes sonores dans l&rsquo;oreille externe ou moyenne. Dans ce cas, l&rsquo;appareil de perception sonore, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire l&rsquo;oreille interne (cochl\u00e9e) et le nerf vestibulo-cochl\u00e9aire, reste intact.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me r\u00e9side dans la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;un obstacle m\u00e9canique sur le trajet du son. Les vibrations sonores ne peuvent pas atteindre efficacement les r\u00e9cepteurs sensibles de l&rsquo;oreille interne, de fa\u00e7on que les sons sont per\u00e7us comme \u00e9touff\u00e9s. Dans la plupart des cas, ce type de surdit\u00e9 est r\u00e9versible et peut \u00eatre trait\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Les causes de la surdit\u00e9 de transmission sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 une pathologie des structures responsables de la conduction et de l&rsquo;amplification du son.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pathologies de l&rsquo;oreille externe :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bouchon de c\u00e9rumen.<\/strong> Cause la plus fr\u00e9quente et la plus facile \u00e0 \u00e9liminer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Otite externe.<\/strong> \u0152d\u00e8me des parois du m\u00e9at acoustique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Atr\u00e9sie du m\u00e9at acoustique.<\/strong> Absence cong\u00e9nitale ou occlusion du conduit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pathologies de l\u2019oreille moyenne :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Perforation de la membrane tympanique.<\/strong> Perturbation de son int\u00e9grit\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Otite moyenne.<\/strong> Accumulation de liquide (exsudat) dans la cavit\u00e9 tympanique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Otoscl\u00e9rose.<\/strong> Fixation du stap\u00e8s (l\u2019un des osselets de l\u2019ou\u00efe), perturbant la transmission des vibrations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disjonction de la cha\u00eene ossiculaire.<\/strong> Cons\u00e9quence fr\u00e9quente d\u2019un traumatisme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Signification clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Les patients atteints de surdit\u00e9 de transmission se plaignent d&rsquo;une baisse g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l&rsquo;audition, d&rsquo;une sensation d&rsquo;obstruction ou de pression dans l&rsquo;oreille. Un signe caract\u00e9ristique est une meilleure perception de sa propre voix, qui semble anormalement forte.<\/p>\n\n<p>La \u00ab norme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00bb pour le diagnostic est l\u2019audiom\u00e9trie tonale. Le crit\u00e8re diagnostique cl\u00e9 sur l\u2019audiogramme est la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un \u00e9cart a\u00e9rien-osseux. Il s\u2019agit de la diff\u00e9rence entre les seuils d\u2019audition d\u00e9termin\u00e9s par la conduction a\u00e9rienne (dans les \u00e9couteurs) et par la conduction osseuse (via un vibrateur sur le processus masto\u00efde).  <\/p>\n\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 la surdit\u00e9 neurosensorielle, celle de transmission peut souvent \u00eatre trait\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s. Le traitement vise \u00e0 \u00e9liminer la cause : extraction du bouchon de c\u00e9rumen, traitement m\u00e9dicamenteux de l\u2019otite, reconstruction chirurgicale de la membrane tympanique (myringoplastie) ou de la cha\u00eene ossiculaire (ossiculoplastie). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La surdit\u00e9 de transmission est un type de perte auditive caus\u00e9 par une perturbation de la conduction des ondes sonores dans l&rsquo;oreille externe ou moyenne. Dans ce cas, l&rsquo;appareil de perception sonore, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire l&rsquo;oreille interne (cochl\u00e9e) et le nerf vestibulo-cochl\u00e9aire, reste intact.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1490","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Surdit\u00e9 de transmission : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La surdit\u00e9 de transmission est un type de perte auditive caus\u00e9 par une perturbation de la conduction des ondes sonores dans l&#039;oreille externe ou moyenne. 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