{"id":1481,"date":"2025-09-17T16:43:22","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T13:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/brulures\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T18:12:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T15:12:37","slug":"brulures","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/brulures\/","title":{"rendered":"Br\u00fblures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une br\u00fblure est une l\u00e9sion des tissus du corps provoqu\u00e9e par la chaleur (br\u00fblure thermique), les produits chimiques (br\u00fblure chimique), l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (br\u00fblure \u00e9lectrique) ou l&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 un rayonnement ionisant (br\u00fblure radiologique).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La gravit\u00e9 de la br\u00fblure peut \u00eatre d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par deux facteurs principaux\u00a0: la profondeur de la l\u00e9sion et la surface corporelle br\u00fbl\u00e9e. Ces param\u00e8tres sont essentiels pour d\u00e9terminer la tactique de traitement, d\u00e9cider d&rsquo;une hospitalisation et \u00e9tablir un pronostic pour le patient.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x444;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x43F;&#x43E;-&#x433;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x431;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x435;-&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Classification selon la profondeur de la l\u00e9sion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans la pratique clinique, on utilise une classification qui divise les br\u00fblures en quatre degr\u00e9s selon la profondeur de la n\u00e9crose tissulaire.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1er degr\u00e9.<\/strong> L\u00e9sion de la couche superficielle de la peau appel\u00e9e \u00e9piderme. Elle se manifeste par une rougeur, un petit \u0153d\u00e8me et une douleur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2e degr\u00e9.<\/strong> L\u00e9sion de l&rsquo;\u00e9piderme et des couches superficielles du derme. Un signe caract\u00e9ristique est la formation de bulles remplies d&rsquo;un liquide transparent ou jaun\u00e2tre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3e degr\u00e9.<\/strong> N\u00e9crose (mortification) de toutes les couches cutan\u00e9es (derme). En cas de br\u00fblure du 3e degr\u00e9 de type A, les couches profondes (glandes sudoripares et follicules pileux) sont partiellement pr\u00e9serv\u00e9es, ce qui permet une gu\u00e9rison naturelle. Les brulures de 3e degr\u00e9 de type B se caract\u00e9risent par la destruction compl\u00e8te de la peau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4e degr\u00e9.<\/strong> N\u00e9crose de la peau et des tissus sous-jacents, notamment du tissu adipeux sous-cutan\u00e9, des muscles, voire des os.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/fr\/models\/8861ee9e-a330-4451-856d-1de6ead27805\/16a5e51f-7cd7-4332-890b-5f5081afbe01\/92ff3d70-0154-45fe-bc3e-01880d892cde\/a33c90a9-1d34-4cc7-aa09-58d69cb50b39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Mod\u00e8les 3D<\/a> des infections de l&rsquo;oreille\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"carousel-block\">\n    <div class=\"swiper carousel-swiper carousel-swiper-block_6aad3a9f006f4\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide image-carousel-slide\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"carousel-image\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/glossary\/otorhinolaryngology\/burns\/first-degree-ear-burn.webp\" alt=\"Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du premier degr\u00e9 \" \/>\n                <span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du premier degr\u00e9 <\/span>            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide image-carousel-slide\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"carousel-image\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/glossary\/otorhinolaryngology\/burns\/second-degree-ear-burn.webp\" alt=\"Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du deuxi\u00e8me degr\u00e9\" \/>\n                <span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du deuxi\u00e8me degr\u00e9<\/span>            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide image-carousel-slide\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"carousel-image\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/glossary\/otorhinolaryngology\/burns\/third-degree-ear-burn.webp\" alt=\"Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du troisi\u00e8me degr\u00e9\" \/>\n                <span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du troisi\u00e8me degr\u00e9<\/span>            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide image-carousel-slide\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"carousel-image\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/glossary\/otorhinolaryngology\/burns\/fourth-degree-ear-burn.webp\" alt=\"Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du quatri\u00e8me degr\u00e9\" \/>\n                <span class=\"small-text-article text-main-text-color\">Br\u00fblure de l\u2019oreille du quatri\u00e8me degr\u00e9<\/span>            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-article-carousel__controls\">\n        <div 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25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next carousel-swiper-button-next swiper__arrow swiper__arrow--next carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6aad3a9f006f4\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next slide\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewBox=\"0 0 40 40\" fill=\"none\">\n                    <path d=\"M20 3.75C16.7861 3.75 13.6443 4.70305 10.972 6.48862C8.29969 8.27419 6.21689 10.8121 4.98696 13.7814C3.75704 16.7507 3.43524 20.018 4.06225 23.1702C4.68926 26.3224 6.23692 29.2179 8.50952 31.4905C10.7821 33.7631 13.6776 35.3107 16.8298 35.9378C19.982 36.5648 23.2493 36.243 26.2186 35.013C29.1879 33.7831 31.7258 31.7003 33.5114 29.028C35.297 26.3557 36.25 23.2139 36.25 20C36.2455 15.6916 34.5319 11.561 31.4855 8.51454C28.439 5.46806 24.3084 3.75455 20 3.75ZM23.3844 25.3656C23.5005 25.4818 23.5926 25.6196 23.6555 25.7714C23.7184 25.9231 23.7507 26.0858 23.7507 26.25C23.7507 26.4142 23.7184 26.5769 23.6555 26.7286C23.5926 26.8804 23.5005 27.0182 23.3844 27.1344C23.2682 27.2505 23.1304 27.3426 22.9786 27.4055C22.8269 27.4683 22.6643 27.5007 22.5 27.5007C22.3358 27.5007 22.1731 27.4683 22.0214 27.4055C21.8696 27.3426 21.7318 27.2505 21.6156 27.1344L15.3656 20.8844C15.2494 20.7683 15.1572 20.6304 15.0943 20.4787C15.0314 20.3269 14.999 20.1643 14.999 20C14.999 19.8357 15.0314 19.6731 15.0943 19.5213C15.1572 19.3696 15.2494 19.2317 15.3656 19.1156L21.6156 12.8656C21.7318 12.7495 21.8696 12.6574 22.0214 12.5945C22.1731 12.5317 22.3358 12.4993 22.5 12.4993C22.6643 12.4993 22.8269 12.5317 22.9786 12.5945C23.1304 12.6574 23.2682 12.7495 23.3844 12.8656C23.5005 12.9818 23.5926 13.1196 23.6555 13.2714C23.7184 13.4231 23.7507 13.5858 23.7507 13.75C23.7507 13.9142 23.7184 14.0769 23.6555 14.2286C23.5926 14.3804 23.5005 14.5182 23.3844 14.6344L18.0172 20L23.3844 25.3656Z\" fill=\"#B5C0CD\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script defer>\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        const imagesCarouselSwiper = new Swiper('.carousel-swiper-block_6aad3a9f006f4', {\n            slidesPerView: 1,\n            spaceBetween: 20,\n            loop: true,\n            pagination: {\n                el: '.swiper-article-carousel__pagination-container-block_6aad3a9f006f4',\n                clickable: true,\n            },\n            navigation: {\n                nextEl: '.carousel-swiper-button-next-block_6aad3a9f006f4',\n                prevEl: '.carousel-swiper-button-prev-block_6aad3a9f006f4',\n            },\n        })\n    })\n<\/script>\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est crucial d&rsquo;apporter les premiers soins ad\u00e9quats en cas de brulures thermiques. Il faut imm\u00e9diatement arr\u00eater l&rsquo;action du facteur irritant et rafra\u00eechir la zone br\u00fbl\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau du robinet pendant 10 \u00e0 15 minutes. Il est interdit d&rsquo;utiliser de la glace, de l&rsquo;huile ou des pommades grasses. Une fois la plaie rafra\u00eechie, il faut appliquer un pansement propre et sec.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une consultation m\u00e9dicale est obligatoire dans les cas suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Br\u00fblures de 2e degr\u00e9 ou plus profondes dont l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue d\u00e9passe la taille de la paume de la main du patient.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Br\u00fblures au visage, aux mains, aux pieds, au niveau des articulations et du p\u00e9rin\u00e9e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Br\u00fblures \u00e9lectriques et chimiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Br\u00fblures chez les enfants et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Signes de br\u00fblures des voies respiratoires (enrouement, toux avec des expectorations contenant de la suie ou difficult\u00e9s respiratoires).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le traitement des br\u00fblures graves s&rsquo;effectue en milieu hospitalier et vise \u00e0 soulager le choc de la br\u00fblure, \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir l&rsquo;infection et \u00e0 restaurer la peau d\u00e9truite, souvent \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de techniques chirurgicales (n\u00e9crectomie et greffe de peau).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une br\u00fblure est une l\u00e9sion des tissus du corps provoqu\u00e9e par la chaleur (br\u00fblure thermique), les produits chimiques (br\u00fblure chimique), l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (br\u00fblure \u00e9lectrique) ou l&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 un rayonnement ionisant (br\u00fblure radiologique).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1481","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Br\u00fblures : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une br\u00fblure est une l\u00e9sion des tissus du corps provoqu\u00e9e par la chaleur (br\u00fblure thermique), les produits chimiques (br\u00fblure chimique), l&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (br\u00fblure \u00e9lectrique) ou l&#039;exposition \u00e0 un rayonnement ionisant (br\u00fblure radiologique).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/brulures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Br\u00fblures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une br\u00fblure est une l\u00e9sion des tissus du corps provoqu\u00e9e par la chaleur (br\u00fblure thermique), les produits chimiques (br\u00fblure chimique), l&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (br\u00fblure \u00e9lectrique) ou l&#039;exposition \u00e0 un rayonnement ionisant (br\u00fblure radiologique).\" 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