{"id":1461,"date":"2025-09-19T13:01:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T10:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/hematome\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T19:15:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T16:15:17","slug":"hematome","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/hematome\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e9matome"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Un h\u00e9matome est une accumulation limit\u00e9e de sang dans les tissus, r\u00e9sultant de la rupture d&rsquo;un vaisseau sanguin lors d&rsquo;un traumatisme ou d&rsquo;un trouble de la coagulation. Le sang qui s&rsquo;\u00e9chappe du vaisseau forme une cavit\u00e9 remplie de sang liquide ou coagul\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>Dans la vie quotidienne, les petits h\u00e9matomes sous-cutan\u00e9s sont appel\u00e9s ecchymoses ou bleus. Cependant, en termes m\u00e9dicaux, l&rsquo;h\u00e9matome d\u00e9signe une accumulation de sang plus importante qui peut comprimer les tissus et les organes environnants.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>La cause la plus fr\u00e9quente est un traumatisme (contusion, coup, fracture) entra\u00eenant une rupture de la paroi vasculaire. Plus rarement, les h\u00e9matomes apparaissent spontan\u00e9ment dans le cadre de maladies qui perturbent la coagulation sanguine (h\u00e9mophilie) ou augmentent la fragilit\u00e9 des vaisseaux.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le sang qui s&rsquo;\u00e9chappe coagule progressivement. Avec le temps, l&rsquo;h\u00e9moglobine contenue dans l&rsquo;h\u00e9matome subit une s\u00e9rie de transformations biochimiques, ce qui explique le changement caract\u00e9ristique de sa couleur, qui passe du bleu-violet au verd\u00e2tre et au jaune (\u00e9volution de l&rsquo;ecchymose). Les petits h\u00e9matomes finissent par se r\u00e9sorber compl\u00e8tement, tandis que les plus importants peuvent s&rsquo;encapsuler ou suppurer.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Les manifestations cliniques d\u00e9pendent de la taille et de la localisation de l&rsquo;h\u00e9matome. Les h\u00e9matomes superficiels provoquent une douleur locale, un \u0153d\u00e8me, une modification de la couleur de la peau et un gonflement. Les h\u00e9matomes profonds, en particulier intracr\u00e2niens, mettent le pronostic vital en jeu, car ils compriment le cerveau.<\/p>\n\n<p>En fonction de leur localisation, on distingue\u00a0les types suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u00e9matome sous-cutan\u00e9 et intramusculaire.<\/strong> Les types les plus fr\u00e9quents.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00e9matome sous-dural et \u00e9pidural.<\/strong> Accumulation de sang dans le cerveau n\u00e9cessitant une intervention neurochirurgicale d&rsquo;urgence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00e9matome r\u00e9trobulbaire.<\/strong> Accumulation de sang derri\u00e8re l&rsquo;\u0153il.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Le diagnostic des h\u00e9matomes superficiels ne pr\u00e9sente aucune difficult\u00e9. Pour visualiser les h\u00e9matomes profonds ou internes, une \u00e9chographie, une TDM ou une IRM sont utilis\u00e9es. En cas de petits h\u00e9matomes, le traitement est conservateur (repos, froid, bandage compressif). Les h\u00e9matomes importants ou comprimant des organes vitaux n\u00e9cessitent une intervention chirurgicale\u00a0\u2014 ouverture et \u00e9vacuation du sang accumul\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un h\u00e9matome est une accumulation limit\u00e9e de sang dans les tissus, r\u00e9sultant de la rupture d&rsquo;un vaisseau sanguin lors d&rsquo;un traumatisme ou d&rsquo;un trouble de la coagulation. Le sang qui s&rsquo;\u00e9chappe du vaisseau forme une cavit\u00e9 remplie de sang liquide ou coagul\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1461","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>H\u00e9matome : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un h\u00e9matome est une accumulation limit\u00e9e de sang dans les tissus, r\u00e9sultant de la rupture d&#039;un vaisseau sanguin lors d&#039;un traumatisme ou d&#039;un trouble de la coagulation. 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