{"id":1436,"date":"2025-09-12T13:20:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T10:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/biopsie\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T19:11:23","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T16:11:23","slug":"biopsie","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/biopsie\/","title":{"rendered":"Biopsie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La biopsie (du grec bios<\/em> \u2014 vie et opsis<\/em> \u2014 regard\/vision) \u2014 est une m\u00e9thode d\u2019investigation consistant \u00e0 pr\u00e9lever, de mani\u00e8re invasive, des cellules ou des tissus (biopsat) d\u2019un organisme vivant \u00e0 des fins diagnostiques. Le mat\u00e9riel obtenu est soumis \u00e0 une analyse microscopique, le plus souvent histologique.<\/p>\n\n

Cette proc\u00e9dure est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le \u00ab \u00e9talon-or \u00bb dans le diagnostic des maladies oncologiques, car elle permet d\u2019\u00e9tablir un diagnostic d\u00e9finitif, de d\u00e9terminer le type histologique de la tumeur et son degr\u00e9 de malignit\u00e9. La biopsie est \u00e9galement largement utilis\u00e9e pour diagnostiquer les processus inflammatoires, auto-immuns et d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9alisation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

En fonction de l\u2019objectif et de la localisation du foyer pathologique, diff\u00e9rents types de biopsie sont utilis\u00e9s :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Excisionnelle :<\/strong> Ablation compl\u00e8te de la l\u00e9sion pathologique (par exemple, un n\u00e6vus ou un petit nodule).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Incisionnelle :<\/strong> Pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d\u2019une partie seulement de la l\u00e9sion pour analyse. Utilis\u00e9e pour les tumeurs de grande taille.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ponctionnelle :<\/strong> Pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement de mat\u00e9riel \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une aiguille. On distingue la biopsie par aspiration \u00e0 l\u2019aiguille fine (pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement de cellules) et la biopsie \u00e0 l\u2019aiguille \u00e9paisse (tr\u00e9panobiopsie, obtention d\u2019un cylindre de tissu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Endoscopique :<\/strong> Pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement de tissu lors de proc\u00e9dures endoscopiques (par exemple, gastroscopie, coloscopie).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Le mat\u00e9riel obtenu lors de la biopsie (biopsat) est envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 un laboratoire d\u2019anatomopathologie. Il y est soumis \u00e0 un traitement sp\u00e9cifique, puis examin\u00e9 au microscope par un m\u00e9decin anatomo-pathologiste qui r\u00e9dige un compte rendu histologique.<\/p>\n\n

    Ce compte rendu joue un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans le choix de la strat\u00e9gie th\u00e9rapeutique. Il permet de d\u00e9finir l\u2019\u00e9tendue de l\u2019intervention chirurgicale n\u00e9cessaire, de d\u00e9cider de la mise en place d\u2019une chimioth\u00e9rapie ou d\u2019une radioth\u00e9rapie, et de pr\u00e9voir l\u2019\u00e9volution de la maladie.<\/p>\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La biopsie (du grec bios \u2014 vie et opsis \u2014 regard\/vision) est une m\u00e9thode d\u2019investigation consistant \u00e0 pr\u00e9lever, de mani\u00e8re invasive, des cellules ou des tissus (biopsat) d\u2019un organisme vivant \u00e0 des fins diagnostiques. Le mat\u00e9riel obtenu est soumis \u00e0 une analyse microscopique, le plus souvent histologique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1436","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBiopsie : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La biopsie (du grec bios \u2014 vie et opsis \u2014 regard\/vision) est une m\u00e9thode d\u2019investigation consistant \u00e0 pr\u00e9lever, de mani\u00e8re invasive, des cellules ou des tissus (biopsat) d\u2019un organisme vivant \u00e0 des fins diagnostiques. 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