{"id":1207,"date":"2025-09-08T11:06:04","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T08:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/%d0%b0%d0%b1%d1%81%d1%86%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%81\/"},"modified":"2025-10-14T11:57:32","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T08:57:32","slug":"abces","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/abces\/","title":{"rendered":"Abc\u00e8s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Un abc\u00e8s (lat. abscessus<\/em>) est une accumulation locale de pus, limit\u00e9e par une capsule et r\u00e9sultant d’une inflammation purulente des tissus. Il se caract\u00e9rise par la pr\u00e9sence d’une membrane pyog\u00e8ne qui isole le foyer des tissus sains et emp\u00eache la propagation de l’infection.<\/p>\n\n

L’abc\u00e8s est une forme d’inflammation purulente localis\u00e9e dans laquelle l’organisme cr\u00e9e une barri\u00e8re autour du foyer infectieux. Cette capsule protectrice (membrane pyog\u00e8ne) est constitu\u00e9e de tissu granuleux et fibreux. Elle non seulement limite le processus, mais produit \u00e9galement un exsudat purulent.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tiologie et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

La cause principale est la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration dans les tissus de bact\u00e9ries pathog\u00e8nes, le plus souvent Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>. En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l’invasion, une r\u00e9action inflammatoire se d\u00e9veloppe avec un afflux massif de neutrophiles. Les enzymes s\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9es par les neutrophiles et les bact\u00e9ries provoquent la lyse (fonte) des tissus, formant une cavit\u00e9 remplie de pus.<\/p>\n\n

Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Cliniquement, l’abc\u00e8s se manifeste par des signes locaux d’inflammation (douleur, \u0153d\u00e8me, hyperh\u00e9mie, augmentation locale de la temp\u00e9rature), et dans sa phase mature, par une sensation de fluctuation (mouvement ondulatoire \u00e0 la palpation), qui est un crit\u00e8re diagnostique cl\u00e9. Pour diagnostiquer les abc\u00e8s profonds, une \u00e9chographie ou une TDM est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n

Le principe fondamental du traitement est chirurgical : incision, drainage et nettoyage de la cavit\u00e9 purulente (\u00ab Ubi pus, ibi evacua \u00bb). L’antibioth\u00e9rapie est prescrite en compl\u00e9ment. Le traitement pr\u00e9coce assure un pronostic favorable ; dans le cas contraire, il existe un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 d’\u00e9vacuation spontan\u00e9e de pus, de phlegmon ou de septic\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n\n

Aspects du diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

L’abc\u00e8s doit \u00eatre distingu\u00e9 du phlegmon, une inflammation purulente diffuse sans limites ni capsule bien d\u00e9finies. Il doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre diff\u00e9renci\u00e9 de l’empy\u00e8me, qui est une accumulation de pus dans une cavit\u00e9 anatomique pr\u00e9existante (par exemple, la cavit\u00e9 pleurale).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un abc\u00e8s est une accumulation locale de pus, limit\u00e9e par une capsule et r\u00e9sultant d’une inflammation purulente des tissus. Il se caract\u00e9rise par la pr\u00e9sence d’une membrane pyog\u00e8ne qui isole le foyer des tissus sains et emp\u00eache la propagation de l’infection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1207","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAbc\u00e8s : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un abc\u00e8s est une accumulation locale de pus, limit\u00e9e par une capsule et r\u00e9sultant d'une inflammation purulente des tissus. 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