{"id":8435,"date":"2026-10-22T16:36:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/invasion\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:36:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:36:55","slug":"invasion","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/invasion\/","title":{"rendered":"Invasi\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La invasi\u00f3n (del lat. <em>invasio<\/em>, \u00abpenetraci\u00f3n, irrupci\u00f3n\u00bb) es un t\u00e9rmino m\u00e9dico que designa el proceso de penetraci\u00f3n, establecimiento y posterior parasitaci\u00f3n del organismo humano por protozoos o helmintos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este t\u00e9rmino difiere del concepto de \u00abinfecci\u00f3n\u00bb, que suele aplicarse a bacterias, virus y hongos.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiolog\u00eda y fisiopatolog\u00eda<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los mecanismos de invasi\u00f3n son diversos y dependen de la especie del par\u00e1sito. La transmisi\u00f3n puede producirse por dos v\u00edas principales:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>activa (percut\u00e1nea, es decir, transcut\u00e1nea)<\/strong>: las larvas perforan f\u00edsicamente la piel intacta al entrar en contacto con suelo o agua contaminados (como ocurre en la anquilostomiasis o la esquistosomiasis);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>pasiva (alimentaria)<\/strong>: se produce al ingerir quistes de protozoos (Giardia), huevos de helmintos (por ejemplo, Ascaris) o sus larvas (por ejemplo, Trichinella o la tenia porcina) junto con verduras sin lavar, agua no tratada o carne insuficientemente cocinada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tras penetrar en el organismo, el par\u00e1sito utiliza un arsenal de mecanismos para evadir la respuesta inmunitaria del hu\u00e9sped. Las formas infectantes de los helmintos est\u00e1n recubiertas por una cut\u00edcula protectora densa, resistente a la acci\u00f3n de las enzimas digestivas y los anticuerpos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algunos helmintos son capaces de realizar mimetismo antig\u00e9nico: modifican su estructura antig\u00e9nica, adquieren receptores similares a los humanos y se vuelven \u00abinvisibles\u00bb para los leucocitos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fisiopatolog\u00eda de la invasi\u00f3n comprende varios factores:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>da\u00f1o mec\u00e1nico de los tejidos<\/strong>: fijaci\u00f3n a la pared intestinal y penetraci\u00f3n en \u00f3rganos diana (m\u00fasculos, h\u00edgado, ojo, Enc\u00e9falo);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>absorci\u00f3n de los nutrientes del hu\u00e9sped<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>reacci\u00f3n t\u00f3xico-al\u00e9rgica<\/strong>: frente a los productos metab\u00f3licos del par\u00e1sito.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Importancia cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las invasiones parasitarias suelen cursar de forma asintom\u00e1tica o enmascararse como diversas enfermedades, seg\u00fan el \u00f3rgano afectado. Con mayor frecuencia se manifiestan mediante s\u00edntomas gastrointestinales, de las v\u00edas respiratorias o al\u00e9rgicos de tipo urticaria.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un marcador anal\u00edtico frecuente de la invasi\u00f3n helm\u00edntica tisular es la eosinofilia persistente (aumento de la concentraci\u00f3n de eosin\u00f3filos en la sangre) y, con menor frecuencia, la anemia (disminuci\u00f3n de la concentraci\u00f3n de hemoglobina).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para el diagn\u00f3stico de las invasiones se utilizan los siguientes m\u00e9todos:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>pruebas serol\u00f3gicas espec\u00edficas (ELISA) <\/strong>: se realizan para detectar anticuerpos contra par\u00e1sitos (Echinococcus, Toxocara, Trichinella); en estos casos, la biopsia tisular suele ser poco informativa;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>microscopia de heces mediante m\u00e9todos de concentraci\u00f3n<\/strong>: se utiliza para el diagn\u00f3stico de trofozo\u00edtos y quistes de Giardia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El tratamiento de las invasiones parasitarias se realiza con f\u00e1rmacos antiparasitarios. Su acci\u00f3n puede estar dirigida a:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>alteraci\u00f3n de la transmisi\u00f3n neuromuscular de los helmintos<\/strong>: provoca su par\u00e1lisis;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>inhibici\u00f3n de la s\u00edntesis y da\u00f1o de la estructura del ADN de los agentes pat\u00f3genos<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>destrucci\u00f3n de las membranas celulares del par\u00e1sito<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La invasi\u00f3n (del lat. <em>invasio<\/em>, \u00abpenetraci\u00f3n, irrupci\u00f3n\u00bb) es un t\u00e9rmino m\u00e9dico que designa el proceso de penetraci\u00f3n, establecimiento y posterior parasitaci\u00f3n del organismo humano por protozoos o helmintos. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8435","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - 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