{"id":8358,"date":"2026-09-17T15:54:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:54:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/revacunacion\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:39:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:39:07","slug":"revacunacion","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/revacunacion\/","title":{"rendered":"Revacunaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La revacunaci\u00f3n (del lat. <em>re-<\/em>, renovaci\u00f3n, repetici\u00f3n, y <em>vaccinus<\/em>, bovino) es la administraci\u00f3n repetida de un ant\u00edgeno vacunal a una persona que ya ha completado previamente el ciclo completo de inmunizaci\u00f3n primaria.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo de este procedimiento es restablecer o reforzar la inmunidad adquirida, que tiende a disminuir de forma natural con el transcurso del tiempo.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiolog\u00eda y fisiopatolog\u00eda<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tras una vacunaci\u00f3n primaria satisfactoria, se forma en el organismo un reservorio de c\u00e9lulas de memoria inmunol\u00f3gica (linfocitos T y B).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, si el sistema inmunitario no entra en contacto durante a\u00f1os con un virus salvaje o una bacteria reales, la cantidad de anticuerpos protectores circulantes y c\u00e9lulas espec\u00edficas disminuye gradualmente hasta alcanzar un nivel cr\u00edticamente bajo (fen\u00f3meno de disminuci\u00f3n de la inmunidad).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La revacunaci\u00f3n act\u00faa como un \u00abrecordatorio\u00bb. Tras la administraci\u00f3n repetida del ant\u00edgeno, se produce la activaci\u00f3n inmediata de las c\u00e9lulas de memoria quiescentes.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se desarrolla una respuesta inmunitaria secundaria: se produce una s\u00edntesis r\u00e1pida de anticuerpos de clase IgG.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Importancia cl\u00ednica<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El concepto de revacunaci\u00f3n constituye la base del calendario nacional de vacunaci\u00f3n infantil y de adultos en muchos pa\u00edses. En la pr\u00e1ctica m\u00e9dica se distinguen varias indicaciones principales para la administraci\u00f3n de dosis de refuerzo:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>contra la difteria y el t\u00e9tanos<\/strong>: la inmunidad no es permanente, por lo que los adultos requieren una revacunaci\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica cada 10 a\u00f1os;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>contra determinadas infecciones (por ejemplo, la tos ferina)<\/strong>: la revacunaci\u00f3n es importante durante la adolescencia y la edad adulta, ya que el efecto de la vacunaci\u00f3n infantil desaparece al cabo de 3\u20135 a\u00f1os;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>para la protecci\u00f3n frente a virus propensos a mutar r\u00e1pidamente (por ejemplo, el coronavirus)<\/strong>: se administran dosis de refuerzo para mantener la protecci\u00f3n. En este caso, la revacunaci\u00f3n no solo aumenta el t\u00edtulo total de anticuerpos, sino que tambi\u00e9n \u00abactualiza\u00bb la base de datos inmunitaria, poniendo al organismo en contacto con nuevas cepas del agente pat\u00f3geno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La revacunaci\u00f3n (del lat. <em>re-<\/em>, renovaci\u00f3n, repetici\u00f3n, y <em>vaccinus<\/em>, bovino) es la administraci\u00f3n repetida de un ant\u00edgeno vacunal a una persona que ya ha completado previamente el ciclo completo de inmunizaci\u00f3n primaria.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8358","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Revacunaci\u00f3n: definici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y 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