{"id":6267,"date":"2026-03-16T13:02:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T10:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/politraumatismo\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T13:55:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T10:55:50","slug":"politraumatismo","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glossary\/politraumatismo\/","title":{"rendered":"Politraumatismo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Politraumatismo (del griego poly<\/em> \u2014 mucho y trauma<\/em> \u2014 herida, da\u00f1o corporal) \u2014 es un estado patol\u00f3gico extremadamente grave, caracterizado por la presencia simult\u00e1nea de dos o m\u00e1s lesiones en distintas \u00e1reas anat\u00f3micas. <\/p>\n\n

En este caso, al menos una de las lesiones o su conjunto representa una amenaza inmediata para la vida del paciente.<\/p>\n\n

Etiolog\u00eda y fisiopatolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

La causa siempre es la exposici\u00f3n a una enorme cantidad de energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, t\u00edpica de graves accidentes de tr\u00e1fico, ca\u00eddas desde gran altura o cat\u00e1strofes industriales. La patogenia se describe por el desarrollo de un s\u00edndrome de sobrecarga mutua, cuando la lesi\u00f3n de un sistema empeora cr\u00edticamente la funci\u00f3n de otro.<\/p>\n\n

En respuesta a la masiva destrucci\u00f3n tisular, el organismo inicia una reacci\u00f3n inflamatoria sist\u00e9mica incontrolada. Una condici\u00f3n extremadamente peligrosa en la fisiopatolog\u00eda del politraumatismo es el desarrollo de la \u201ctr\u00edada mortal\u201d. Incluye la p\u00e9rdida cr\u00edtica de calor del cuerpo, la acidosis sangu\u00ednea peligrosa debido al shock y un trastorno fatal de la coagulaci\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea.<\/p>\n\n

Importancia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

El politraumatismo se acompa\u00f1a de un profundo shock traum\u00e1tico, p\u00e9rdida masiva de sangre y alteraci\u00f3n de funciones vitales. La evaluaci\u00f3n de la gravedad del estado del paciente la realizan los anestesi\u00f3logos mediante escalas de puntuaci\u00f3n internacionales especiales.<\/p>\n\n

El tratamiento se basa en el concepto moderno de cirug\u00eda de control de da\u00f1os. En las primeras horas, se realizan \u00fanicamente operaciones que salvan vidas y m\u00ednimamente invasivas: detener el sangrado, fijaci\u00f3n mec\u00e1nica de la pelvis rota y descompresi\u00f3n cerebral. La osteos\u00edntesis definitiva de todas las fracturas se aplaza estrictamente hasta que el estado del paciente se estabilice completamente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Politraumatismo (del griego poly<\/em> \u2014 mucho y trauma<\/em> \u2014 herida, da\u00f1o corporal) \u2014 es un estado patol\u00f3gico extremadamente grave, caracterizado por la presencia simult\u00e1nea de dos o m\u00e1s lesiones en distintas \u00e1reas anat\u00f3micas. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-6267","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPolitraumatismo: definici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y descripci\u00f3n | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Politraumatismo (del griego poly \u2014 mucho y trauma \u2014 herida, da\u00f1o corporal) \u2014 es un estado patol\u00f3gico extremadamente grave, caracterizado por la presencia simult\u00e1nea de dos o m\u00e1s lesiones en distintas \u00e1reas anat\u00f3micas.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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