{"id":3848,"date":"2026-03-16T13:02:12","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T10:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/latigazo-cervical\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T18:36:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T15:36:29","slug":"latigazo-cervical","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glossary\/latigazo-cervical\/","title":{"rendered":"Latigazo cervical"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Latigazo cervical (del ingl\u00e9s <em>whiplash<\/em> \u2014 golpe de l\u00e1tigo, donde <em>whip<\/em> \u2014 l\u00e1tigo y <em>lash<\/em> \u2014 golpe) es un da\u00f1o complejo no estructural de los tejidos blandos de la regi\u00f3n cervical de la columna vertebral. <\/p>\n\n<p>La lesi\u00f3n ocurre debido a un movimiento r\u00e1pido, forzado y no controlado de la cabeza, cuya biomec\u00e1nica recuerda el chasquido de un l\u00e1tigo.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>Etiolog\u00eda y fisiopatolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>La mayor\u00eda absoluta de los casos est\u00e1n relacionados con accidentes automovil\u00edsticos, en particular, los choques traseros. La inercia del cuerpo, firmemente asegurado por el cintur\u00f3n de seguridad, hace que el torso se mueva hacia adelante junto con el asiento. La cabeza pesada primero se reclina hacia atr\u00e1s con aceleraci\u00f3n, y luego se lanza hacia adelante de forma refleja.<\/p>\n\n<p>En la primera fase (hiperextensi\u00f3n), hay un estiramiento excesivo o microdesgarro de los m\u00fasculos anteriores del cuello, da\u00f1o al ligamento longitudinal anterior y fascias. En la segunda fase (flexi\u00f3n brusca), se lesionan los complejos ligamentosos posteriores, las c\u00e1psulas de las articulaciones intervertebrales y los m\u00fasculos occipitales. La estructura de los huesos en s\u00ed generalmente no se ve afectada.<\/p>\n\n<p>La gravedad cl\u00ednica se determina no solo por el da\u00f1o mec\u00e1nico a los tejidos, sino tambi\u00e9n por la respuesta aguda del sistema nervioso central a la impulsaci\u00f3n propioceptiva patol\u00f3gica de las c\u00e1psulas articulares da\u00f1adas.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Importancia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Una caracter\u00edstica enga\u00f1osa de la patolog\u00eda es la presencia de un per\u00edodo de \u00abclaridad\u00bb. En el momento del accidente, el paciente puede no sentir dolor debido a la potente liberaci\u00f3n de adrenalina, sin embargo, despu\u00e9s de unas horas, se desarrolla un s\u00edndrome de dolor creciente, provocado por hinchaz\u00f3n e inflamaci\u00f3n as\u00e9ptica.<\/p>\n\n<p>El cuadro cl\u00ednico se compone de rigidez pronunciada del cuello, dolor que irradia al occipucio y la cintura escapular, as\u00ed como mareos y fatiga r\u00e1pida.<\/p>\n\n<p>El diagn\u00f3stico se realiza exclusivamente por exclusi\u00f3n. Para confirmar una lesi\u00f3n por latigazo cervical, el m\u00e9dico debe asegurarse de que no haya fracturas \u00f3seas ni hernias de discos intervertebrales mediante m\u00e9todos instrumentales. El principal problema es el alto riesgo de que el dolor evolucione hacia una forma cr\u00f3nica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Latigazo cervical (del ingl\u00e9s <em>whiplash<\/em> \u2014 golpe de l\u00e1tigo, donde <em>whip<\/em> \u2014 l\u00e1tigo y <em>lash<\/em> \u2014 golpe) es un da\u00f1o complejo no estructural de los tejidos blandos de la regi\u00f3n cervical de la columna vertebral. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3848","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Latigazo cervical: definici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y descripci\u00f3n | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Latigazo cervical (del ingl\u00e9s whiplash \u2014 golpe de l\u00e1tigo, donde whip \u2014 l\u00e1tigo y lash \u2014 golpe) es un 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