{"id":3474,"date":"2026-02-26T16:53:33","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/miometrio\/"},"modified":"2026-02-26T16:53:41","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:53:41","slug":"miometrio","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/miometrio\/","title":{"rendered":"Miometrio"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>El miometrio (del griego <em>mys<\/em> &#8211; m\u00fasculo, <em>metra<\/em> &#8211; \u00fatero) es la capa media y m\u00e1s masiva de la pared uterina de origen mesenquimal, formada por c\u00e9lulas musculares lisas (leiomiocitos).  <\/p>\n\n<p>Estas c\u00e9lulas est\u00e1n agrupadas por tejido conjuntivo y forman un complejo sincitio funcional tridimensional que garantiza la actividad contr\u00e1ctil del \u00f3rgano.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>Etiolog\u00eda y fisiopatolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>La organizaci\u00f3n estructural del miometrio incluye tres capas indistintamente diferenciadas: submucosa (subendometrial), vascular (media, la m\u00e1s potente, con curso oblicuo y circular de las fibras) y subserosa (externa, con curso longitudinal de las fibras).  <\/p>\n\n<p>Los leiomiocitos uterinos tienen una plasticidad fenot\u00edpica \u00fanica: durante el embarazo, bajo la influencia de los estr\u00f3genos y el estiramiento mec\u00e1nico, experimentan una tremenda hipertrofia (el volumen celular se multiplica por 50) e hiperplasia.  <\/p>\n\n<p>La actividad contr\u00e1ctil est\u00e1 regulada por la concentraci\u00f3n de calcio intracelular y la expresi\u00f3n de receptores de oxitocina, prostaglandinas y alfa-adrenomim\u00e9ticos, cuya densidad aumenta dr\u00e1sticamente en el momento del parto. La capa subendometrial desempe\u00f1a un papel especial, proporcionando el peristaltismo uterino fuera del embarazo. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Importancia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>El miometrio es el origen del desarrollo de <strong>leiomiomas <\/strong>, la neoplasia monoclonal benigna m\u00e1s frecuente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva. La arquitectura de la capa media del miometrio proporciona hemostasia mec\u00e1nica en el tercer periodo del parto: los haces musculares cruzados se contraen y constri\u00f1en el lumen de las arterias espirales abiertas del sitio placentario (mecanismo de las \u00abligaduras vivas\u00bb). La alteraci\u00f3n de la contractilidad (aton\u00eda o hipoton\u00eda) provoca una hemorragia obst\u00e9trica masiva y potencialmente mortal. La patolog\u00eda del miometrio tambi\u00e9n incluye <strong>la adenomiosis<\/strong>, en la que se define un tejido similar al endometrio en la capa muscular, lo que provoca una hiperplasia miometrial reactiva y una transformaci\u00f3n globular del \u00fatero.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El miometrio (del griego <em>mys<\/em> &#8211; m\u00fasculo, <em>metra<\/em> &#8211; \u00fatero) es la capa media y m\u00e1s masiva de la pared uterina de origen mesenquimal, formada por c\u00e9lulas musculares lisas (leiomiocitos).  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3474","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Miometrio: definici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y descripci\u00f3n | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El miometrio (del griego mys - m\u00fasculo, metra - \u00fatero) es la capa media y m\u00e1s masiva de la pared uterina de origen mesenquimal, formada por c\u00e9lulas musculares lisas (leiomiocitos).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/miometrio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miometrio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El miometrio (del griego mys - m\u00fasculo, metra - \u00fatero) es la capa media y m\u00e1s masiva de la pared uterina de origen mesenquimal, formada por c\u00e9lulas musculares lisas (leiomiocitos).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/miometrio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Voka Wiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-26T13:53:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/miometrio\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/miometrio\/\",\"name\":\"Miometrio: definici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y descripci\u00f3n | Voka Wiki\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-26T13:53:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-26T13:53:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"El miometrio (del griego mys - 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