{"id":3357,"date":"2026-02-26T16:55:26","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/glossary\/laktobakterii\/"},"modified":"2026-02-26T16:55:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T13:55:18","slug":"lactobacilos","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.voka.io\/es\/glosario\/lactobacilos\/","title":{"rendered":"Lactobacillus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Lactobacillus spp.<\/em> es un g\u00e9nero de bacterias Gram-positivas, no formadoras de esporas, facultativamente anaerobias o microaerof\u00edlicas. Son las dominantes obligadas (95-98% de la masa bacteriana total) de la microbiota vaginal de una mujer sana en edad reproductiva. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>Etiolog\u00eda y fisiopatolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Las especies m\u00e1s comunes en el biotopo vaginal son <em>L. crispatus<\/em>, <em>L. jensenii<\/em>, <em>L. gasseri<\/em> y <em>L. iners<\/em>. Su funci\u00f3n fisiol\u00f3gica es proporcionar resistencia a la colonizaci\u00f3n mediante tres mecanismos: <\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Acidog\u00e9nesis:<\/strong> los lactobacilos fermentan el gluc\u00f3geno contenido en las c\u00e9lulas maduras del epitelio vaginal para formar \u00e1cido l\u00e1ctico. Esto mantiene el pH del medio entre 3,8-4,5, creando condiciones desfavorables para el crecimiento de microorganismos pat\u00f3genos y oportunistas. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u00edntesis de per\u00f3xido de hidr\u00f3geno (H\u2082O\u2082):<\/strong> Muchas cepas producen H\u2082O\u2082, que en presencia de mieloperoxidasa tiene un potente efecto bactericida sobre los anaerobios catalasa negativos (por ejemplo, <em>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Adhesi\u00f3n competitiva:<\/strong> Las bacterias recubren densamente los receptores de la superficie de los epiteliocitos, formando una biopel\u00edcula protectora e impidiendo f\u00edsicamente la adhesi\u00f3n de pat\u00f3genos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Importancia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>La disminuci\u00f3n del t\u00edtulo de lactobacilos (<strong>menos del 10\u2076 UFC\/ml<\/strong>) o la sustituci\u00f3n de las cepas productoras de H\u2082O\u2082 por otras inactivas es un eslab\u00f3n clave en la patog\u00e9nesis de la <strong>vaginosis bacteriana<\/strong>, la vaginitis aer\u00f3bica y la candidiasis. En la <strong>vaginitis atr\u00f3fica<\/strong> posmenop\u00e1usica, la carencia de estr\u00f3genos provoca el cese de la maduraci\u00f3n epitelial y la desaparici\u00f3n del gluc\u00f3geno. Esto priva a los lactobacilos de sustrato nutritivo, provoca su eliminaci\u00f3n, la alcalinizaci\u00f3n del medio y el desarrollo de disbiosis.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>Lactobacillus spp. <\/em>es un g\u00e9nero de bacterias Gram-positivas, no formadoras de esporas, facultativamente anaerobias o microaerof\u00edlicas. Son las dominantes obligadas (95-98% de la masa bacteriana total) de la microbiota vaginal de una mujer sana en edad reproductiva. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3357","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lactobacillus: definici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y descripci\u00f3n | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lactobacillus spp. es un g\u00e9nero de bacterias Gram-positivas, no formadoras de esporas, facultativamente anaerobias o microaerof\u00edlicas. 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