Quiz on the anatomy of costovertebral joints

1. The blood supply to the costovertebral joints (I-II ribs) is provided by the branches of:

• a. Thoracica interna

  The blood supply to the upper two costovertebral joints is provided by the a. Intercostalis suprema, branches of the costocervical trunk

• a. Intercostalis suprema

  The blood supply to the upper two costovertebral joints is provided by the a. Intercostalis suprema, branches of the costocervical trunk

• a. Thoracica lateralis

  The blood supply to the upper two costovertebral joints is provided by the a. Intercostalis suprema, branches of the costocervical trunk

• Aorta thoracica

  The blood supply to the upper two costovertebral joints is provided by the a. Intercostalis suprema, branches of the costocervical trunk

• I find it difficult to answer

  The blood supply to the upper two costovertebral joints is provided by the a. Intercostalis suprema, branches of the costocervical trunk

2. Which muscle acting on the costovertebral joints is innervated by the posterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves?

• m. Intercostalis externus

  The muscles elevating the ribs (mm. levatores costarum) are derived from dorsal musculature and are innervated by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• m. Serratus posterior superior

  The muscles elevating the ribs (mm. levatores costarum) are derived from dorsal musculature and are innervated by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• m. Levator costae

  The muscles elevating the ribs (mm. levatores costarum) are derived from dorsal musculature and are innervated by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• m. Transversus thoracis

  The muscles elevating the ribs (mm. levatores costarum) are derived from dorsal musculature and are innervated by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The muscles elevating the ribs (mm. levatores costarum) are derived from dorsal musculature and are innervated by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

3. Which ligament runs inside the joint cavity of the head of rib (II-X ribs)?

• lig Capitis costae intraarticulare

  The intra-articular ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae intraarticulare) stretches from the crest of the head of the rib to the intervertebral disc.

• lig Capitis costae radiatum

  The intra-articular ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae intraarticulare) stretches from the crest of the head of the rib to the intervertebral disc.

• lig Costotransversarium

  The intra-articular ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae intraarticulare) stretches from the crest of the head of the rib to the intervertebral disc.

• lig Longitudinale anterius

  The intra-articular ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae intraarticulare) stretches from the crest of the head of the rib to the intervertebral disc.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The intra-articular ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae intraarticulare) stretches from the crest of the head of the rib to the intervertebral disc.

4. The veins responsible for blood drainage from the costovertebral joints of the right half of the thorax primarily drain into:

• vena Hemiazygos

  The posterior intercostal veins (vv. intercostales posteriores) on the right drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).

• vena Cava inferior

  The posterior intercostal veins (vv. intercostales posteriores) on the right drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).

• vena Thoracica interna

  The posterior intercostal veins (vv. intercostales posteriores) on the right drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).

• vena Azygos

  The posterior intercostal veins (vv. intercostales posteriores) on the right drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).

• I find it difficult to answer

  The posterior intercostal veins (vv. intercostales posteriores) on the right drain into the azygos vein (v. azygos).

5. Around which axis do movements in the combined costovertebral joint occur?

• Around the vertical axis passing through the body of the vertebra

  The movements occur around the axis passing through the centers of the joint of the head of the rib and the costotransverse joint along the neck of the rib.

• Around the sagittal axis passing through the sternum

  The movements occur around the axis passing through the centers of the joint of the head of the rib and the costotransverse joint along the neck of the rib.

• Around the axis passing through the neck of the rib

  The movements occur around the axis passing through the centers of the joint of the head of the rib and the costotransverse joint along the neck of the rib.

• Around the frontal axis connecting the angles of both ribs

  The movements occur around the axis passing through the centers of the joint of the head of the rib and the costotransverse joint along the neck of the rib.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The movements occur around the axis passing through the centers of the joint of the head of the rib and the costotransverse joint along the neck of the rib.

6. Which muscle lowers the ribs by acting on the costovertebral joints and attaches to the internal surfaces of the lower ribs?

• mm. Intercostales externi

  The subcostal muscles (mm. subcostales) are located on the internal surface of the lower ribs, spanning 1-2 ribs and lowering them.

• m. Serratus anterior

  The subcostal muscles (mm. subcostales) are located on the internal surface of the lower ribs, spanning 1-2 ribs and lowering them.

• mm. Subcostales

  The subcostal muscles (mm. subcostales) are located on the internal surface of the lower ribs, spanning 1-2 ribs and lowering them.

• m. Pectoralis minor

  The subcostal muscles (mm. subcostales) are located on the internal surface of the lower ribs, spanning 1-2 ribs and lowering them.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The subcostal muscles (mm. subcostales) are located on the internal surface of the lower ribs, spanning 1-2 ribs and lowering them.

7. From which source do the capsules of the costotransverse joints receive innervation?

• Nn. Intercostales

  The capsules of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints are innervated by articular branches from the posterior branches (rr. dorsales) of the thoracic spinal nerves.

• Rr. Dorsales nn. Spinalium

  The capsules of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints are innervated by articular branches from the posterior branches (rr. dorsales) of the thoracic spinal nerves.

• N. phrenicus

  The capsules of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints are innervated by articular branches from the posterior branches (rr. dorsales) of the thoracic spinal nerves.

• Sympathetic trunk

  The capsules of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints are innervated by articular branches from the posterior branches (rr. dorsales) of the thoracic spinal nerves.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The capsules of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints are innervated by articular branches from the posterior branches (rr. dorsales) of the thoracic spinal nerves.

8. Which artery is the main source of blood supply to the costovertebral joints in typical (III-XI) intercostal spaces?

• A. intercostalis posterior

  The posterior intercostal arteries originate from the thoracic aorta and supply the posterior segments of the ribs, muscles, and corresponding joints.

• A. thoracica interna

  The posterior intercostal arteries originate from the thoracic aorta and supply the posterior segments of the ribs, muscles, and corresponding joints.

• A. thoracica superior

  The posterior intercostal arteries originate from the thoracic aorta and supply the posterior segments of the ribs, muscles, and corresponding joints.

• A. epigastrica superior

  The posterior intercostal arteries originate from the thoracic aorta and supply the posterior segments of the ribs, muscles, and corresponding joints.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The posterior intercostal arteries originate from the thoracic aorta and supply the posterior segments of the ribs, muscles, and corresponding joints.

9. Which muscle begins at the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae and elevates the II-V ribs?

• M. serratus posterior inferior

  The superior posterior serratus muscle (m. serratus posterior superior) originates from the spinous processes of C6-Th2 and attaches to the II-V ribs, elevating them.

• M. rhomboideus major

  The superior posterior serratus muscle (m. serratus posterior superior) originates from the spinous processes of C6-Th2 and attaches to the II-V ribs, elevating them.

• M. latissimus dorsi

  The superior posterior serratus muscle (m. serratus posterior superior) originates from the spinous processes of C6-Th2 and attaches to the II-V ribs, elevating them.

• M. serratus posterior superior

  The superior posterior serratus muscle (m. serratus posterior superior) originates from the spinous processes of C6-Th2 and attaches to the II-V ribs, elevating them.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The superior posterior serratus muscle (m. serratus posterior superior) originates from the spinous processes of C6-Th2 and attaches to the II-V ribs, elevating them.

10. Where is the ligament (lig. costotransversarium superius) located, strengthening the costotransverse joint?

• Between the rib neck and the transverse process of the overlying vertebra

  The superior costotransverse ligament spans from the superior surface of the rib neck to the lower edge of the transverse process of the overlying vertebra.

• Between the head of the rib and the body of the vertebra

  The superior costotransverse ligament spans from the superior surface of the rib neck to the lower edge of the transverse process of the overlying vertebra.

• Between the rib tubercle and the spinous process

  The superior costotransverse ligament spans from the superior surface of the rib neck to the lower edge of the transverse process of the overlying vertebra.

• Between the rib neck and the transverse process of its vertebra

  The superior costotransverse ligament spans from the superior surface of the rib neck to the lower edge of the transverse process of the overlying vertebra.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The superior costotransverse ligament spans from the superior surface of the rib neck to the lower edge of the transverse process of the overlying vertebra.

11. Which branch of the posterior intercostal artery directly supplies the structures of the vertebral canal and adjacent joints?

• Ramus cutaneus lateralis

  The posterior branch (r. dorsalis) of the posterior intercostal artery gives off a spinal branch (r. spinalis), supplying the vertebral canal and costovertebral joints.

• Ramus dorsalis

  The posterior branch (r. dorsalis) of the posterior intercostal artery gives off a spinal branch (r. spinalis), supplying the vertebral canal and costovertebral joints.

• Ramus mammarius

  The posterior branch (r. dorsalis) of the posterior intercostal artery gives off a spinal branch (r. spinalis), supplying the vertebral canal and costovertebral joints.

• Ramus collateralis

  The posterior branch (r. dorsalis) of the posterior intercostal artery gives off a spinal branch (r. spinalis), supplying the vertebral canal and costovertebral joints.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The posterior branch (r. dorsalis) of the posterior intercostal artery gives off a spinal branch (r. spinalis), supplying the vertebral canal and costovertebral joints.

12. The external intercostal muscles (mm. intercostales externi), which elevate the ribs, extend anteriorly to:

• Sternum

  The external intercostal muscles occupy the intercostal spaces from the rib tubercles to the beginning of the rib cartilages, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis externa.

• Angles of the ribs

  The external intercostal muscles occupy the intercostal spaces from the rib tubercles to the beginning of the rib cartilages, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis externa.

• Cartilages of the ribs

  The external intercostal muscles occupy the intercostal spaces from the rib tubercles to the beginning of the rib cartilages, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis externa.

• Midaxillary line

  The external intercostal muscles occupy the intercostal spaces from the rib tubercles to the beginning of the rib cartilages, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis externa.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The external intercostal muscles occupy the intercostal spaces from the rib tubercles to the beginning of the rib cartilages, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis externa.

13. The internal intercostal muscles (mm. intercostales interni), which lower the ribs, originate from:

• Vertebrae

  The internal intercostal muscles extend from the sternum anteriorly to the angles of the ribs posteriorly, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis interna.

• Sternum and extend posteriorly to the angles of the ribs

  The internal intercostal muscles extend from the sternum anteriorly to the angles of the ribs posteriorly, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis interna.

• Spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae

  The internal intercostal muscles extend from the sternum anteriorly to the angles of the ribs posteriorly, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis interna.

• Transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae

  The internal intercostal muscles extend from the sternum anteriorly to the angles of the ribs posteriorly, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis interna.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The internal intercostal muscles extend from the sternum anteriorly to the angles of the ribs posteriorly, where they are replaced by the membrana intercostalis interna.

14. Which ligament strengthens the joint of the rib head externally and fans out to the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae and the intervertebral disc?

• Ligamentum capitis costae radiatum

  The radiate ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae radiatum) originates from the anterior surface of the head of the rib and attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and the disc.

• Ligamentum flavum

  The radiate ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae radiatum) originates from the anterior surface of the head of the rib and attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and the disc.

• Ligamentum costotransversarium laterale

  The radiate ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae radiatum) originates from the anterior surface of the head of the rib and attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and the disc.

• Ligamentum nuchae

  The radiate ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae radiatum) originates from the anterior surface of the head of the rib and attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and the disc.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The radiate ligament of the head of the rib (lig. capitis costae radiatum) originates from the anterior surface of the head of the rib and attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and the disc.

15. To which muscle group do the muscles elevating the ribs (mm. levatores costarum) belong from the perspective of topographic back anatomy?

• Superficial muscles of the back

  Mm Levatores costarum belong to the deep muscles of the back of dorsal origin, as confirmed by their innervation by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

  Mm Levatores costarum belong to the deep muscles of the back of dorsal origin, as confirmed by their innervation by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• Deep muscles of the back (ventral origin)

  Mm Levatores costarum belong to the deep muscles of the back of dorsal origin, as confirmed by their innervation by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• Deep muscles of the back (autochthonous, dorsal origin)

  Mm Levatores costarum belong to the deep muscles of the back of dorsal origin, as confirmed by their innervation by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

• I find it difficult to answer

  Mm Levatores costarum belong to the deep muscles of the back of dorsal origin, as confirmed by their innervation by the posterior branches of spinal nerves.

16. Movements of the ribs in the costovertebral joints during inhalation lead to:

• Reduction of the sagittal dimension of the thoracic cavity

  Lifting the anterior ends of the ribs results in an increase in both the transverse (due to rotation) and sagittal (due to elevation of the sternum) dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

• Increase in the sagittal and transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity

  Lifting the anterior ends of the ribs results in an increase in both the transverse (due to rotation) and sagittal (due to elevation of the sternum) dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

• Approximation of ribs to one another

  Lifting the anterior ends of the ribs results in an increase in both the transverse (due to rotation) and sagittal (due to elevation of the sternum) dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

• Lowering of the sternum

  Lifting the anterior ends of the ribs results in an increase in both the transverse (due to rotation) and sagittal (due to elevation of the sternum) dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

• I find it difficult to answer

  Lifting the anterior ends of the ribs results in an increase in both the transverse (due to rotation) and sagittal (due to elevation of the sternum) dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

17. Which branch of the spinal nerve forms the intercostal nerve (n. intercostalis) that innervates the intercostal muscles?

• Ramus communicans albus

  Intercostal nerves are the anterior (ventral) branches of thoracic spinal nerves (Th1-Th12).

• Ramus meningeus

  Intercostal nerves are the anterior (ventral) branches of thoracic spinal nerves (Th1-Th12).

• Ramus dorsalis

  Intercostal nerves are the anterior (ventral) branches of thoracic spinal nerves (Th1-Th12).

• Ramus ventralis

  Intercostal nerves are the anterior (ventral) branches of thoracic spinal nerves (Th1-Th12).

• I find it difficult to answer

  Intercostal nerves are the anterior (ventral) branches of thoracic spinal nerves (Th1-Th12).

18. Which muscle originates from the spinous processes of Th11-L2 and attaches to the lower edges of ribs IX-XII, lowering them?

• M. serratus posterior inferior

  The serratus posterior inferior muscle (m. serratus posterior inferior) pulls the lower ribs downward and backward, contributing to the act of exhalation.

• M. latissimus dorsi

  The serratus posterior inferior muscle (m. serratus posterior inferior) pulls the lower ribs downward and backward, contributing to the act of exhalation.

• M. quadratus lumborum

  The serratus posterior inferior muscle (m. serratus posterior inferior) pulls the lower ribs downward and backward, contributing to the act of exhalation.

• M. obliquus externus abdominis

  The serratus posterior inferior muscle (m. serratus posterior inferior) pulls the lower ribs downward and backward, contributing to the act of exhalation.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The serratus posterior inferior muscle (m. serratus posterior inferior) pulls the lower ribs downward and backward, contributing to the act of exhalation.

19. Which joint is functionally associated (as a combined joint) with the joint of the rib head?

• With the sternocostal joint of the same rib.

  The joint of the head of the rib and costotransverse joint function together, forming a composite joint with a single axis of rotation.

• With the intervertebral (facet) joint

  The joint of the head of the rib and costotransverse joint function together, forming a composite joint with a single axis of rotation.

• With the costotransverse joint of the same rib

  The joint of the head of the rib and costotransverse joint function together, forming a composite joint with a single axis of rotation.

• With the joint of the head of the underlying rib

  The joint of the head of the rib and costotransverse joint function together, forming a composite joint with a single axis of rotation.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The joint of the head of the rib and costotransverse joint function together, forming a composite joint with a single axis of rotation.

20. Which anatomical structure is located in the sulcus costae (costal groove) and participates in the blood supply and innervation of joints and intercostal muscles?

• Sympathetic chain

  In the sulcus costae (rib groove), along the lower edge of the rib, lies the intercostal neurovascular bundle (top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).

• Neurovascular bundle (vein, artery, nerve)

  In the sulcus costae (rib groove), along the lower edge of the rib, lies the intercostal neurovascular bundle (top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).

• Thoracic duct

  In the sulcus costae (rib groove), along the lower edge of the rib, lies the intercostal neurovascular bundle (top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).

• Internal thoracic artery

  In the sulcus costae (rib groove), along the lower edge of the rib, lies the intercostal neurovascular bundle (top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).

• I find it difficult to answer

  In the sulcus costae (rib groove), along the lower edge of the rib, lies the intercostal neurovascular bundle (top to bottom: vein, artery, nerve).