Test on the anatomy of brain arteries

1. Which artery is the direct continuation of the internal carotid artery in the direction of its main trunk?

• Anterior cerebral artery

  The middle cerebral artery (a. cerebri media) is anatomically a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery after the anterior cerebral artery branches off.

• Middle cerebral artery

  The middle cerebral artery (a. cerebri media) is anatomically a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery after the anterior cerebral artery branches off.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  The middle cerebral artery (a. cerebri media) is anatomically a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery after the anterior cerebral artery branches off.

• Anterior choroidal artery

  The middle cerebral artery (a. cerebri media) is anatomically a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery after the anterior cerebral artery branches off.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The middle cerebral artery (a. cerebri media) is anatomically a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery after the anterior cerebral artery branches off.

2. Which artery passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the cranial cavity?

• Internal carotid artery

  The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) passes through the foramina transversaria of C6-C1 vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum.

• External carotid artery

  The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) passes through the foramina transversaria of C6-C1 vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum.

• Ascending pharyngeal artery

  The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) passes through the foramina transversaria of C6-C1 vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum.

• Vertebral artery

  The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) passes through the foramina transversaria of C6-C1 vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) passes through the foramina transversaria of C6-C1 vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum.

3. Which arteries' merger forms the basilar artery (a. basilaris)?

• Internal carotid arteries.

  The basilar artery is formed at the posterior border of the pons as a result of the merger of the right and left vertebral arteries.

• Posterior cerebral arteries.

  The basilar artery is formed at the posterior border of the pons as a result of the merger of the right and left vertebral arteries.

• Vertebral arteries

  The basilar artery is formed at the posterior border of the pons as a result of the merger of the right and left vertebral arteries.

• Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

  The basilar artery is formed at the posterior border of the pons as a result of the merger of the right and left vertebral arteries.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The basilar artery is formed at the posterior border of the pons as a result of the merger of the right and left vertebral arteries.

4. Which branch of the internal carotid artery penetrates the orbit along with the optic nerve?

• Ophthalmic artery

  The ophthalmic artery (a. ophthalmica) branches from the internal carotid artery and enters the orbit through the optic canal (canalis opticus).

• Facial artery

  The ophthalmic artery (a. ophthalmica) branches from the internal carotid artery and enters the orbit through the optic canal (canalis opticus).

• Maxillary artery

  The ophthalmic artery (a. ophthalmica) branches from the internal carotid artery and enters the orbit through the optic canal (canalis opticus).

• Middle meningeal artery

  The ophthalmic artery (a. ophthalmica) branches from the internal carotid artery and enters the orbit through the optic canal (canalis opticus).

• I find it difficult to answer

  The ophthalmic artery (a. ophthalmica) branches from the internal carotid artery and enters the orbit through the optic canal (canalis opticus).

5. The blood supply to the visual cortex (medial surface of the occipital lobe) is predominantly provided by branches of:

• Anterior cerebral artery

  The posterior cerebral artery (a. cerebri posterior) supplies the occipital lobe, where the cortical end of the visual analyzer is located (around the calcarine sulcus).

• Middle cerebral artery

  The posterior cerebral artery (a. cerebri posterior) supplies the occipital lobe, where the cortical end of the visual analyzer is located (around the calcarine sulcus).

• Ophthalmic artery

  The posterior cerebral artery (a. cerebri posterior) supplies the occipital lobe, where the cortical end of the visual analyzer is located (around the calcarine sulcus).

• Posterior cerebral artery

  The posterior cerebral artery (a. cerebri posterior) supplies the occipital lobe, where the cortical end of the visual analyzer is located (around the calcarine sulcus).

• I find it difficult to answer

  The posterior cerebral artery (a. cerebri posterior) supplies the occipital lobe, where the cortical end of the visual analyzer is located (around the calcarine sulcus).

6. What structure connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries?

• Posterior communicating artery

  The anterior communicating artery (a. communicans anterior) is an unpaired anastomosis between the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.

• Anterior communicating artery

  The anterior communicating artery (a. communicans anterior) is an unpaired anastomosis between the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.

• Basilar artery

  The anterior communicating artery (a. communicans anterior) is an unpaired anastomosis between the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.

• Great cerebral vein

  The anterior communicating artery (a. communicans anterior) is an unpaired anastomosis between the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The anterior communicating artery (a. communicans anterior) is an unpaired anastomosis between the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.

7. Which artery lies in the lateral (Sylvian) fissure of the large brain?

• Anterior cerebral artery

  The middle cerebral artery runs laterally and resides in the lateral sulcus (sulcus lateralis), branching on the convex surface of the hemisphere.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  The middle cerebral artery runs laterally and resides in the lateral sulcus (sulcus lateralis), branching on the convex surface of the hemisphere.

• Middle cerebral artery

  The middle cerebral artery runs laterally and resides in the lateral sulcus (sulcus lateralis), branching on the convex surface of the hemisphere.

• Anterior choroidal artery

  The middle cerebral artery runs laterally and resides in the lateral sulcus (sulcus lateralis), branching on the convex surface of the hemisphere.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The middle cerebral artery runs laterally and resides in the lateral sulcus (sulcus lateralis), branching on the convex surface of the hemisphere.

8. Lenticulostriate arteries, which supply the basal ganglia and internal capsule, mainly branch from:

• Middle cerebral artery

  Lenticulostriate arteries are central branches of the middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) and penetrate through the anterior perforated substance.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  Lenticulostriate arteries are central branches of the middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) and penetrate through the anterior perforated substance.

• Basilar artery

  Lenticulostriate arteries are central branches of the middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) and penetrate through the anterior perforated substance.

• Vertebral artery

  Lenticulostriate arteries are central branches of the middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) and penetrate through the anterior perforated substance.

• I find it difficult to answer

  Lenticulostriate arteries are central branches of the middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) and penetrate through the anterior perforated substance.

9. Which artery supplies the projection zone of the cortex for the lower limbs (paracentral lobule)?

• Middle cerebral artery

  The paracentral lobule, where the motor and sensory projection of the lower limbs is located, is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery on the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• Anterior cerebral artery

  The paracentral lobule, where the motor and sensory projection of the lower limbs is located, is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery on the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  The paracentral lobule, where the motor and sensory projection of the lower limbs is located, is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery on the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• Posterior communicating artery

  The paracentral lobule, where the motor and sensory projection of the lower limbs is located, is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery on the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The paracentral lobule, where the motor and sensory projection of the lower limbs is located, is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery on the medial surface of the hemisphere.

10. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) usually originates from:

• Basilar artery

  The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior posterior cerebelli) is the largest branch of the vertebral artery.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior posterior cerebelli) is the largest branch of the vertebral artery.

• Vertebral artery

  The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior posterior cerebelli) is the largest branch of the vertebral artery.

• Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

  The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior posterior cerebelli) is the largest branch of the vertebral artery.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior posterior cerebelli) is the largest branch of the vertebral artery.

11. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) branches out from:

• Basilar artery

  The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior anterior cerebelli) arises from the lower third of the basilar artery.

• Vertebral artery

  The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior anterior cerebelli) arises from the lower third of the basilar artery.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior anterior cerebelli) arises from the lower third of the basilar artery.

• Internal carotid artery

  The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior anterior cerebelli) arises from the lower third of the basilar artery.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (a. inferior anterior cerebelli) arises from the lower third of the basilar artery.

12. The posterior cerebral arteries form as a result of the bifurcation of:

• Internal carotid artery

  The basilar artery (a. basilaris) divides at the anterior edge of the pons into two posterior cerebral arteries, completing the circle of Willis posteriorly.

• External carotid artery

  The basilar artery (a. basilaris) divides at the anterior edge of the pons into two posterior cerebral arteries, completing the circle of Willis posteriorly.

• Vertebral artery

  The basilar artery (a. basilaris) divides at the anterior edge of the pons into two posterior cerebral arteries, completing the circle of Willis posteriorly.

• Basilar artery

  The basilar artery (a. basilaris) divides at the anterior edge of the pons into two posterior cerebral arteries, completing the circle of Willis posteriorly.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The basilar artery (a. basilaris) divides at the anterior edge of the pons into two posterior cerebral arteries, completing the circle of Willis posteriorly.

13. Which artery passes inside the cavernous sinus (sinus cavernosus)?

• Internal carotid artery

  The cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery passes directly through the lumen of the cavernous venous sinus along with the abducent nerve.

• Middle meningeal artery

  The cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery passes directly through the lumen of the cavernous venous sinus along with the abducent nerve.

• Ophthalmic artery

  The cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery passes directly through the lumen of the cavernous venous sinus along with the abducent nerve.

• Basilar artery

  The cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery passes directly through the lumen of the cavernous venous sinus along with the abducent nerve.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery passes directly through the lumen of the cavernous venous sinus along with the abducent nerve.

14. The speech motor center (Broca's area) in the dominant hemisphere is supplied by branches of:

• Anterior cerebral artery

  Broca's area (pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus) is supplied by cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  Broca's area (pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus) is supplied by cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery.

• Middle cerebral artery

  Broca's area (pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus) is supplied by cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery.

• Vertebral artery

  Broca's area (pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus) is supplied by cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery.

• I find it difficult to answer

  Broca's area (pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus) is supplied by cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery.

15. The superior cerebellar artery arises from the basilar artery directly before its bifurcation into:

• Anterior cerebral arteries

  The superior cerebellar artery (a. superior cerebelli) branches from the basilar artery just before its terminal bifurcation into the posterior cerebral arteries.

• Posterior cerebral arteries

  The superior cerebellar artery (a. superior cerebelli) branches from the basilar artery just before its terminal bifurcation into the posterior cerebral arteries.

• Middle cerebral arteries

  The superior cerebellar artery (a. superior cerebelli) branches from the basilar artery just before its terminal bifurcation into the posterior cerebral arteries.

• Vertebral arteries

  The superior cerebellar artery (a. superior cerebelli) branches from the basilar artery just before its terminal bifurcation into the posterior cerebral arteries.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The superior cerebellar artery (a. superior cerebelli) branches from the basilar artery just before its terminal bifurcation into the posterior cerebral arteries.

16. The posterior communicating artery forms an anastomosis between:

• Two posterior cerebral arteries

  The posterior communicating artery (a. communicans posterior) branches out from the internal carotid artery and empties into the posterior cerebral artery, connecting the carotid and vertebrobasilar basins.

• Two anterior cerebral arteries

  The posterior communicating artery (a. communicans posterior) branches out from the internal carotid artery and empties into the posterior cerebral artery, connecting the carotid and vertebrobasilar basins.

• Middle and anterior cerebral arteries

  The posterior communicating artery (a. communicans posterior) branches out from the internal carotid artery and empties into the posterior cerebral artery, connecting the carotid and vertebrobasilar basins.

• Internal carotid and posterior cerebral arteries

  The posterior communicating artery (a. communicans posterior) branches out from the internal carotid artery and empties into the posterior cerebral artery, connecting the carotid and vertebrobasilar basins.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The posterior communicating artery (a. communicans posterior) branches out from the internal carotid artery and empties into the posterior cerebral artery, connecting the carotid and vertebrobasilar basins.

17. From which segment of the internal carotid artery does the anterior choroidal artery (a. choroidea anterior) originate?

• Cerebral segment (supraclinoid)

  The anterior choroidal artery arises from the cerebral (supraclinoid) segment of the internal carotid artery just distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

• Petrous segment

  The anterior choroidal artery arises from the cerebral (supraclinoid) segment of the internal carotid artery just distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

• Cervical segment

  The anterior choroidal artery arises from the cerebral (supraclinoid) segment of the internal carotid artery just distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

• Cavernous segment

  The anterior choroidal artery arises from the cerebral (supraclinoid) segment of the internal carotid artery just distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The anterior choroidal artery arises from the cerebral (supraclinoid) segment of the internal carotid artery just distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

18. Which artery passes through the gap between the corpus callosum and the cingulate gyrus?

• Middle cerebral artery

  The anterior cerebral artery loops around the genu of the corpus callosum and lays in the corpus callosum sulcus, supplying the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  The anterior cerebral artery loops around the genu of the corpus callosum and lays in the corpus callosum sulcus, supplying the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• Anterior cerebral artery

  The anterior cerebral artery loops around the genu of the corpus callosum and lays in the corpus callosum sulcus, supplying the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• Anterior choroidal artery

  The anterior cerebral artery loops around the genu of the corpus callosum and lays in the corpus callosum sulcus, supplying the medial surface of the hemisphere.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The anterior cerebral artery loops around the genu of the corpus callosum and lays in the corpus callosum sulcus, supplying the medial surface of the hemisphere.

19. The auditory artery (a. labyrinthi) branches from which artery that supplies the inner ear?

• Vertebral artery

  The labyrinthine artery most commonly originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (or directly from the basilar artery) and proceeds into the internal auditory canal.

• Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

  The labyrinthine artery most commonly originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (or directly from the basilar artery) and proceeds into the internal auditory canal.

• Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

  The labyrinthine artery most commonly originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (or directly from the basilar artery) and proceeds into the internal auditory canal.

• Superior cerebellar artery

  The labyrinthine artery most commonly originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (or directly from the basilar artery) and proceeds into the internal auditory canal.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The labyrinthine artery most commonly originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (or directly from the basilar artery) and proceeds into the internal auditory canal.

20. The brainstem (in the pons region) is supplied by short and long branches that originate from the:

• Internal carotid artery

  Multiple paramedian and circumferential branches (rami ad pontem) originate from the basilar artery (a. basilaris) to supply the pons.

• Posterior cerebral artery

  Multiple paramedian and circumferential branches (rami ad pontem) originate from the basilar artery (a. basilaris) to supply the pons.

• Anterior cerebral artery

  Multiple paramedian and circumferential branches (rami ad pontem) originate from the basilar artery (a. basilaris) to supply the pons.

• Basilar artery

  Multiple paramedian and circumferential branches (rami ad pontem) originate from the basilar artery (a. basilaris) to supply the pons.

• I find it difficult to answer

  Multiple paramedian and circumferential branches (rami ad pontem) originate from the basilar artery (a. basilaris) to supply the pons.