Test on the anatomy of neck muscles

1. Which nerve innervates the platysma (m. platysma)?

• Marginal branch of the mandible

  The platysma muscle develops from the second branchial arch and is therefore innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (r. colli n. facialis).

• Transverse cervical nerve

  The platysma muscle develops from the second branchial arch and is therefore innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (r. colli n. facialis).

• Cervical branch of the facial nerve

  The platysma muscle develops from the second branchial arch and is therefore innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (r. colli n. facialis).

• Motor portion of the trigeminal nerve

  The platysma muscle develops from the second branchial arch and is therefore innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (r. colli n. facialis).

• I find it difficult to answer

  The platysma muscle develops from the second branchial arch and is therefore innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (r. colli n. facialis).

2. Indicate the primary source of blood supply to the sternocleidomastoid muscle from the external carotid artery system:

• A. thyroidea superior et a. occipitalis

  Blood supply to the m. sternocleidomastoideus is provided by the sternocleidomastoid branches from the superior thyroid and occipital arteries.

• A. facialis et a. lingualis

  Blood supply to the m. sternocleidomastoideus is provided by the sternocleidomastoid branches from the superior thyroid and occipital arteries.

• A. cervicalis profunda

  Blood supply to the m. sternocleidomastoideus is provided by the sternocleidomastoid branches from the superior thyroid and occipital arteries.

• A. vertebralis

  Blood supply to the m. sternocleidomastoideus is provided by the sternocleidomastoid branches from the superior thyroid and occipital arteries.

• I find it difficult to answer

  Blood supply to the m. sternocleidomastoideus is provided by the sternocleidomastoid branches from the superior thyroid and occipital arteries.

3. Which structure provides motor innervation to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

• N. mylohyoideus

  Posterior belly of the m. The digastricus muscle is a derivative of the 2nd visceral arch and is innervated by the digastric branch of the facial nerve.

• Ansa cervicalis

  Posterior belly of the m. The digastricus muscle is a derivative of the 2nd visceral arch and is innervated by the digastric branch of the facial nerve.

• N. glossopharyngeus

  Posterior belly of the m. The digastricus muscle is a derivative of the 2nd visceral arch and is innervated by the digastric branch of the facial nerve.

• R. digastricus n. facialis

  Posterior belly of the m. The digastricus muscle is a derivative of the 2nd visceral arch and is innervated by the digastric branch of the facial nerve.

• I find it difficult to answer

  Posterior belly of the m. The digastricus muscle is a derivative of the 2nd visceral arch and is innervated by the digastric branch of the facial nerve.

4. Which nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

• N. facialis

  The anterior belly develops from the 1st branchial arch and is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (from V3).

• N. mylohyoideus (from n. mandibularis)

  The anterior belly develops from the 1st branchial arch and is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (from V3).

• N. hypoglossus

  The anterior belly develops from the 1st branchial arch and is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (from V3).

• N. vagus

  The anterior belly develops from the 1st branchial arch and is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (from V3).

• I find it difficult to answer

  The anterior belly develops from the 1st branchial arch and is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (from V3).

5. From what source are the scalene muscles of the neck predominantly vascularized?

• A. thyroidea superior

  The scalene muscles receive nourishment from the a. cervicalis ascendens (from tr. thyrocervicalis) and a. transversa colli.

• A. carotis interna

  The scalene muscles receive nourishment from the a. cervicalis ascendens (from tr. thyrocervicalis) and a. transversa colli.

• A. cervicalis ascendens et a. transversa colli

  The scalene muscles receive nourishment from the a. cervicalis ascendens (from tr. thyrocervicalis) and a. transversa colli.

• A. laryngea superior

  The scalene muscles receive nourishment from the a. cervicalis ascendens (from tr. thyrocervicalis) and a. transversa colli.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The scalene muscles receive nourishment from the a. cervicalis ascendens (from tr. thyrocervicalis) and a. transversa colli.

6. Which muscle from the infrahyoid group is not innervated by ansa cervicalis but by direct fibers of C1 running within the hypoglossal nerve?

• M. sternohyoideus

  The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by r. thyrohyoideus, containing fibers from the first cervical spinal nerve (C1), running with n. hypoglossus.

• M. omohyoideus

  The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by r. thyrohyoideus, containing fibers from the first cervical spinal nerve (C1), running with n. hypoglossus.

• M. sternothyroideus

  The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by r. thyrohyoideus, containing fibers from the first cervical spinal nerve (C1), running with n. hypoglossus.

• M. thyrohyoideus

  The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by r. thyrohyoideus, containing fibers from the first cervical spinal nerve (C1), running with n. hypoglossus.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by r. thyrohyoideus, containing fibers from the first cervical spinal nerve (C1), running with n. hypoglossus.

7. Select the muscle whose blood supply is provided by a. submentalis (branch of a. facialis):

• M. mylohyoideus

  The submental artery (a. submentalis) supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

• M. longus colli

  The submental artery (a. submentalis) supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

• M. scalenus anterior

  The submental artery (a. submentalis) supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

• M. sternocleidomastoideus

  The submental artery (a. submentalis) supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The submental artery (a. submentalis) supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

8. Which artery does not participate in the blood supply to the longus colli muscle (m. longus colli)?

• A. vertebralis

  The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior chest wall, pericardium, and diaphragm, but does not contribute to the nourishment of the deep neck muscles.

• A. thoracica interna

  The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior chest wall, pericardium, and diaphragm, but does not contribute to the nourishment of the deep neck muscles.

• A. cervicalis ascendens

  The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior chest wall, pericardium, and diaphragm, but does not contribute to the nourishment of the deep neck muscles.

• A. cervicalis profunda

  The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior chest wall, pericardium, and diaphragm, but does not contribute to the nourishment of the deep neck muscles.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior chest wall, pericardium, and diaphragm, but does not contribute to the nourishment of the deep neck muscles.

9. Which spinal nerves are involved in forming the ansa cervicalis, which innervates most of the infrahyoid muscles?

• C3-C5

  The ansa cervicalis is formed by the upper (C1-C2, running with the hypoglossal nerve) and lower (C2-C3) branches of the cervical plexus.

• C5-C7

  The ansa cervicalis is formed by the upper (C1-C2, running with the hypoglossal nerve) and lower (C2-C3) branches of the cervical plexus.

• C1-C3

  The ansa cervicalis is formed by the upper (C1-C2, running with the hypoglossal nerve) and lower (C2-C3) branches of the cervical plexus.

• C8-T1

  The ansa cervicalis is formed by the upper (C1-C2, running with the hypoglossal nerve) and lower (C2-C3) branches of the cervical plexus.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The ansa cervicalis is formed by the upper (C1-C2, running with the hypoglossal nerve) and lower (C2-C3) branches of the cervical plexus.

10. Which of the following nerves can pierce the middle scalene muscle while heading to the back muscles?

• N. thoracicus longus

  The dorsal scapular nerve often pierces the m. scalenus medius while heading to the rhomboid muscles and the levator scapulae muscle.

• N. phrenicus

  The dorsal scapular nerve often pierces the m. scalenus medius while heading to the rhomboid muscles and the levator scapulae muscle.

• N. suprascapularis

  The dorsal scapular nerve often pierces the m. scalenus medius while heading to the rhomboid muscles and the levator scapulae muscle.

• N. dorsalis scapulae

  The dorsal scapular nerve often pierces the m. scalenus medius while heading to the rhomboid muscles and the levator scapulae muscle.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The dorsal scapular nerve often pierces the m. scalenus medius while heading to the rhomboid muscles and the levator scapulae muscle.

11. The innervation of the stylohyoid muscle (m. stylohyoideus) is provided by:

• R. stylohyoideus n. facialis

  Like the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve (r. stylohyoideus).

• N. glossopharyngeus

  Like the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve (r. stylohyoideus).

• N. accessorius

  Like the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve (r. stylohyoideus).

• N. laryngeus superior

  Like the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve (r. stylohyoideus).

• I find it difficult to answer

  Like the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve (r. stylohyoideus).

12. Indicate the nerve that innervates the geniohyoid muscle (m. geniohyoideus):

• N. lingualis

  The m. geniohyoideus is innervated by direct branches from the first cervical nerve (C1), which accompany the hypoglossal nerve.

• Fibers of C1 within n. hypoglossus

  The m. geniohyoideus is innervated by direct branches from the first cervical nerve (C1), which accompany the hypoglossal nerve.

• N. mylohyoideus

  The m. geniohyoideus is innervated by direct branches from the first cervical nerve (C1), which accompany the hypoglossal nerve.

• Ansa cervicalis

  The m. geniohyoideus is innervated by direct branches from the first cervical nerve (C1), which accompany the hypoglossal nerve.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The m. geniohyoideus is innervated by direct branches from the first cervical nerve (C1), which accompany the hypoglossal nerve.

13. Which arterial trunk gives rise to the superior thyroid artery, supplying the infrahyoid muscles?

• Truncus thyrocervicalis

  The superior thyroid artery is the first anterior branch of the external carotid artery and gives branches to the infrahyoid muscles.

• A. carotis interna

  The superior thyroid artery is the first anterior branch of the external carotid artery and gives branches to the infrahyoid muscles.

• A. subclavia

  The superior thyroid artery is the first anterior branch of the external carotid artery and gives branches to the infrahyoid muscles.

• external carotid artery

  The superior thyroid artery is the first anterior branch of the external carotid artery and gives branches to the infrahyoid muscles.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The superior thyroid artery is the first anterior branch of the external carotid artery and gives branches to the infrahyoid muscles.

14. Which muscle receives dual innervation: from the accessory nerve and muscular branches of the cervical plexus (C2-C4)?

• M. scalenus anterior

  The sternocleidomastoid muscle (like the trapezius) is innervated by n. accessorius (XI pair) and proprioceptive branches of the cervical plexus.

• M. platysma

  The sternocleidomastoid muscle (like the trapezius) is innervated by n. accessorius (XI pair) and proprioceptive branches of the cervical plexus.

• M. sternocleidomastoideus

  The sternocleidomastoid muscle (like the trapezius) is innervated by n. accessorius (XI pair) and proprioceptive branches of the cervical plexus.

• M. digastricus

  The sternocleidomastoid muscle (like the trapezius) is innervated by n. accessorius (XI pair) and proprioceptive branches of the cervical plexus.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The sternocleidomastoid muscle (like the trapezius) is innervated by n. accessorius (XI pair) and proprioceptive branches of the cervical plexus.

15. Blood supply to the posterior group of deep neck muscles (suboccipital muscles) is mainly provided by:

• A. vertebralis

  The suboccipital muscles receive arterial blood from the muscular branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and a. cervicalis profunda.

• A. facialis (facial artery)

  The suboccipital muscles receive arterial blood from the muscular branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and a. cervicalis profunda.

• A. lingualis

  The suboccipital muscles receive arterial blood from the muscular branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and a. cervicalis profunda.

• A. suprascapularis

  The suboccipital muscles receive arterial blood from the muscular branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and a. cervicalis profunda.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The suboccipital muscles receive arterial blood from the muscular branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and a. cervicalis profunda.

16. Motor fibers for the muscle that elevates the scapula (m. levator scapulae) in the neck region originate from:

• N. accessorius

  The m. levator scapulae is innervated by motor branches of the cervical plexus (C3-C4) and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

• Nn. cervicales (C3-C4) and n. dorsalis scapulae

  The m. levator scapulae is innervated by motor branches of the cervical plexus (C3-C4) and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

• Ansa cervicalis

  The m. levator scapulae is innervated by motor branches of the cervical plexus (C3-C4) and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

• N. thoracodorsalis

  The m. levator scapulae is innervated by motor branches of the cervical plexus (C3-C4) and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

• I find it difficult to answer

  The m. levator scapulae is innervated by motor branches of the cervical plexus (C3-C4) and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

17. Which neck muscle is primarily supplied by the a. cervicalis profunda, arising from the costocervical trunk?

• M. platysma

  The deep cervical artery supplies the deep muscles of the posterior neck region, including the semispinalis cervicis muscle.

• M. sternohyoideus

  The deep cervical artery supplies the deep muscles of the posterior neck region, including the semispinalis cervicis muscle.

• M. semispinalis cervicis

  The deep cervical artery supplies the deep muscles of the posterior neck region, including the semispinalis cervicis muscle.

• M. mylohyoideus

  The deep cervical artery supplies the deep muscles of the posterior neck region, including the semispinalis cervicis muscle.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The deep cervical artery supplies the deep muscles of the posterior neck region, including the semispinalis cervicis muscle.

18. The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle (m. omohyoideus) crosses the neck and is supplied by:

• A. facialis (facial artery)

  The omohyoid muscle receives its blood supply in the inferior region of the neck from the transverse cervical artery and the suprascapular artery.

• A. occipitalis (occipital artery)

  The omohyoid muscle receives its blood supply in the inferior region of the neck from the transverse cervical artery and the suprascapular artery.

• A. temporalis superficialis (superficial temporal artery)

  The omohyoid muscle receives its blood supply in the inferior region of the neck from the transverse cervical artery and the suprascapular artery.

• A. transversa colli and a. suprascapularis

  The omohyoid muscle receives its blood supply in the inferior region of the neck from the transverse cervical artery and the suprascapular artery.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The omohyoid muscle receives its blood supply in the inferior region of the neck from the transverse cervical artery and the suprascapular artery.

19. Innervation of the longus capitis muscle (m. longus capitis) is provided by:

• Branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C3)

  The longus capitis muscle belongs to the prevertebral group of deep neck muscles and is innervated by short muscular branches from C1 to C3.

• N. hypoglossus

  The longus capitis muscle belongs to the prevertebral group of deep neck muscles and is innervated by short muscular branches from C1 to C3.

• N. glossopharyngeus

  The longus capitis muscle belongs to the prevertebral group of deep neck muscles and is innervated by short muscular branches from C1 to C3.

• N. vagus

  The longus capitis muscle belongs to the prevertebral group of deep neck muscles and is innervated by short muscular branches from C1 to C3.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The longus capitis muscle belongs to the prevertebral group of deep neck muscles and is innervated by short muscular branches from C1 to C3.

20. Which nerve, emerging from under the posterior edge of the m. sternocleidomastoideus, pierces the m. platysma, but does not provide motor innervation to it, instead supplying the sensation of the skin of the anterior neck region?

• N. auricularis magnus

  The transverse cervical nerve (n. transversus colli) is a sensory branch of the cervical plexus and innervates the skin of the anterior neck region.

• N. transversus colli

  The transverse cervical nerve (n. transversus colli) is a sensory branch of the cervical plexus and innervates the skin of the anterior neck region.

• N. occipitalis minor

  The transverse cervical nerve (n. transversus colli) is a sensory branch of the cervical plexus and innervates the skin of the anterior neck region.

• Nn. supraclaviculares

  The transverse cervical nerve (n. transversus colli) is a sensory branch of the cervical plexus and innervates the skin of the anterior neck region.

• I find it difficult to answer

  The transverse cervical nerve (n. transversus colli) is a sensory branch of the cervical plexus and innervates the skin of the anterior neck region.